超声辅助纳米铁降解酸性红G的实验研究

通过硼氢化纳还原法制备了铁纳米颗粒,并用十二烷基硫酸钠对其进行保护。所得铁纳米颗粒大小在13nm左右,体心立方相。对比了在机械搅拌和超声辅助条件下纳米铁对酸性红G的降解率,超声条件下纳米铁和微米铁对酸性红G的降解率,以及纳米铁投加量、pH值对酸性红G降解率的影响。结果表明,超声辅助下,pH=6～7时,4min内纳米铁对酸性红G有较高的降解率。机理分析表明超声辅助条件下纳米铁对酸性红G的降解主要是超声分散下纳米铁的还原作用得到提高以及纳米铁氧化产物的絮凝作用。     

活性污泥法处理甲苯废气吸收液的研究

以甲苯废气吸收液为研究对象,利用活性污泥法降解吸收液中的污染物,研究了吸收液与生活污水混合比,重点分析了反应体系降解中污染物COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的浓度变化。实验结果表明,当吸收液与生活污水体积比为5:95,曝气量5L/min,连续曝气4h的条件下,COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的去除率达到77.18%、94.59%、100%和89.47%,甲苯的好氧降解符合准一级动力学方程。     

活性黑KN-B染料的生物降解研究

通过试验考察了厌氧条件下活性黑KN-B的生物降解历程,同时对染料的降解动力学及降解机理进行了初步探讨与分析。结果表明:厌氧颗粒污泥可以单独降解活性黑KN-B(以活性黑为单一碳源时,活性黑KN-B的24降解率为43.1%),也可以在以葡萄糖为共基质条件下降解活性黑KN-B;以活性黑KN-B为单一碳源时其降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程,而以葡萄糖为共基质时其降解过程符合二级反应动力学方程;对降解前和降解24h后的降解液采用UV一可见、红外光谱分析,用UV-可见光谱发现活性黑KN-B在可见光区600nm处的吸收峰已消失,并且紫外区309nm处的吸收峰减弱,但255nm处的吸收峰增强,说明活性黑KN-B染料中的偶氮键断裂后生成芳香胺类化合物,这些中间产物可进一步降解。用红外光谱分析,结果与UV-可见光谱分析一致。     

含钛高炉渣制光催化剂降解水中2,4-二氯酚的研究

以攀钢含钛高炉渣为原料制备了光催化剂,并将其用于降解水中2,4-二氯酚,研究了光催化剂投加量、光照强度、反应物浓度、反应时间对2,4-二氯酚降解率的影响。结果表明:高炉渣制光催化剂对2,4-二氯酚具有良好的光催化效果,在催化剂投加量为0.3g/L,光照时间为2h的条件下,浓度为50mg/L的2,4-二氯酚的降解率达到了77.1%。通过反应的动力学分析,确立出高炉渣制光催化剂对水中2,4-二氯酚的降解反应为一级反应。对2,4-二氯酚的光催化降解产物进行分析发现,苯环上的C—Cl键被光催化剂产生的羟自由基·OH氧化断裂,氯取代基成为游离Cl-存在于溶液中,2,4-二氯酚被·OH降解生成中间小分子有机产物,这些小分子有机物再进一步被光催化降解。     

垃圾降解过程中脲酶测定条件优化

在土壤脲酶测定方法的基础上,以垃圾填埋场中的填埋垃圾为研究对象,通过单因素试验和正交试验对垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定方法进行优化。结果表明,垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定最优条件为:垃圾样品风干温度30℃,甲苯0.5mL,10%尿素1mL,0.1mol/LpH5.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液3mL,培养温度及培养时间分别为30℃和24h。优化后的的测定条件RSD小于0.82%,且测定值较传统方法提高30.48%～147.28%,表明该方法精密度高,可行性强。     

白假丝酵母C. albicans PDY-07厌氧降解苯酚的培养基优化

本文研究了厌氧方法驯化的活性污泥中筛选出的一株活力苯酚厌氧降解菌降解苯酚的最佳条件。结果为：在基础选择培养基中以1.0g（NH4）2SO4作为氮源并且在1 L培养基中加入1 mL微量元素储备液,调节培养基pH值为6.9-7.2,有利于C. albicans PDY-07降解苯酚。     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

Microbiological parameters and maturity degree during composting of Posidonia oceanica residues mixed with vegetable wastes in semi-arid pedo-climatic condition

The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH₄⁺-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO₂-C < 2000 mg CO₂-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes.     

Degradation of acid fuchsine by a modified electro-Fenton system with magnetic stirring as oxygen supplying

The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and e cient undivided system for practical wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas di usion or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activity were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using a spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current e ciency and the hydrogen peroxide yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was fairly di cult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete.     

盘锦市湿地资源利用与恢复生态功能探讨

分析了盘锦市湿地由于不合理的开发利用,导致生态功能受损状况;为防止湿地资源的过度开发,保护湿地生态系统的结构、物种、功能效应,使湿地资源永续利用,提出了具有可操作性的恢复措施。