TiO2光催化降解哒螨酮机理研究

以TiO2 为催化剂对非均相纳米光催化降解杀虫剂哒螨酮进行了机理研究 .结果表明该反应遵循一级动力学方程 .速率常数为 0 0 2 95 7min-1 ,半衰期为 2 3 4 4min .重点利用气质联用 (GC MS)结合与标准品 ,合成化合物相对照的方法 ,鉴定出反应过程中可能产生的 8种中间产物 .据此 ,提出了降解路线 .同时用PM3算法计算模拟前线电子密度 (FED2 ) .证明哒螨酮分子中S原子上分布的FED2 最大 ,是诱发降解系列反应的起始位点 .此结论与实验结果———光催化降解哒螨酮的初始步骤是分子的苯环和杂环之间碳硫键的断裂相一致     

Photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos using TiO2 supported on hollow glass microbeads

In this paper, a method for TiO₂ supported on hollow glass microbeads was described and the feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos using supported TiO₂(TiO₂/beads) was studied. The results showed that 1.0×10^-4 mol.dm^-3 of dichlovos could be completely photocatalytically degraded into PO₄^3- after 120 min illumination with a 375 W medium pressure mercury lamp. The effects of the amount of TiO₂/beads and concentration of Cu²⁺ on the photocatalytic degradation were also investigated. Some intemediate products of photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos were detected.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯降解历程的研究

研究了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯在臭氧氧化和二氧化钛光催化氧化两种条件下的氧化降解历程。采用胶束电动毛细管色谱技术对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯降解反应的中间产物和终产物进行跟踪分析。初步认为 ,臭氧氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯时 ,首先是侧链反应 ,生成邻苯二甲酸 ,然后再进一步氧化降解。而TiO2 光催化氧化时 ,则为自由基直接攻击苯环 ,开环生成链状化合物 ,最终降解为CO2 和H2 O。     

Biodegradation of acetanilide herbicides acetochlor and butachlor in soil

The biodegradation of two acetanilide herbicides, acetochlor and butachlor in soil after other environmental organic matters addition were measured during 35 days lal)oratory incubations. The herbicides were applied to soil alone, soiI-SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) mixtures and soil-HA (humic acid) mixtures. Herbicide biodegradation kinetics were compared in the different treatment. Biodegradation products of herbicides in soil alone samples were identified by GC/MS at the end of incubation. Addition of SDBS and HA to soil decreased acetochlor biodegradation, but increased butachlor biodegradation. The biodegradation half-life of acetochlor and butachlor in soil alone, soilSDBS mixtures and soil-HA mixtures were 4.6d, 6, ld and 5.4d and 5.3d, 4.9d and 5.3d respectively. The biodegradation products were hydroxyacetochlor and 2-melhvl-6-ethvlaniline for acetochlor, and hvdroxvbutachlor and 2,6-diethvlaniline for butachlor.     

印染废水处理工艺改造的实践与探讨

根据某印染废水的特点 ,在原有传统处理工艺的基础上进行了工艺改造 ,将调节池改为水解酸化池 ,将活性污泥曝气池改为接触氧化池 ,在池内形成了合理的微生物分布 ,大大地改善了出水水质 ,使 COD、SS、硫化物、色度的去除率分别提高了 2 2 %、10 %、36 .4%、2 5 %。既满足废水排放标准 ,又节约了土建资金。     

植被快速修复技术研究

根据国内外对极度退化生态系统植被恢复基本理论及植被控制水土流失的原理,针对滇池流域台地区生态系统极度退化特征,提出以乔灌草立体生态系统构建为主的植被快速修复技术,并对示范效果进行了评估.     

超声波降解有机磷农药乐果的实验研究

报道了用超声波降解模拟废水中低浓度乐果的试验。探讨了超声波辐射时间、外加H2O2、溶液中乐果的初始浓度、溶液温度等因素对乐果降解效果的影响。试验表明，辐射时间延长，降解率增加，辐射120min后降解率达97．5％；加入浓度为1．27mg／ml的H2O2即可明显提高乐果的降解率，H2O2的添加量达2．44mg／ml后，降解率增加趋缓；乐果溶液初始浓度由0．08mg／ml增加到1．6mg／ml，降解率由87．5％降低到55％；溶液温度控制在30℃以下对超声降解有利。     

Factor Biases and Promoting Sustainable Development: Adaptation to Drought in the Senegal River Basin

The ongoing drought in the Sahel region of West Africa highlights the vulnerability of food-producing systems to climate change and variability. Adaptation to climate should therefore increase the sustainability of agriculture under a long-term drought. Progress towards sustainability and adaptation in the the Senegal River Basin is hampered by an existing set of social and ecological relationships that define the control over the means of production and how people interact with their environment. These relationships are sensitive to the technological inputs and the administration of food production, or the factor bias in the different policy alternatives for rural development. One option is based on state-controlled, irrigated plantations to provide rice (Oryza) for the capital, Dakar. This policy emphasizes a top-down management approach, mechanized agriculture and a reliance on external inputs which strengthens the relationships introduced during the colonial period. A time series decomposition of the annual flow in the Senegal River at Bakel in Senegal suggests that water resources availability has been substantially curtailed since 1960, and a review of the water resources budget or availability in the basin suggests that this policy's food production system is not sustainable under the current climate of the basin. Under these conditions, this program is exacerbating existing problems of landscape degradation and desertification, which increases rural poverty. A natural resource management policy offers two adaptation strategies that favour decentralized management and a reduction of external inputs. The first alternative, “Les Perimetres Irrigués”, emphasizes village-scale irrigation, low water consumption cereal crops and traditional socio-political structures. The second alternative emphasizes farm-level irrigation and agro-forestry projects to redress the primary effects of desertification.     

用杀藻剂抑制湖泊蓝藻水华的尝试

近 年来，各 种污染 导 致滇 池 水 体的 水 质呈 现 严 重的 富 营养 化 状 态， 蓝藻 泛 滥， 水 面 藻如 浮油。在一般 区 域 内， 藻 量 ５ ０００ ～７ ０００ 万 个／ Ｌ、叶 绿 素 － ａ ４００ ｍ ｇ／ ｍ ３ 、 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄ Ｃｒ１８ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ、 Ｂ Ｏ Ｄ５１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ、透明 度３２ｃ ｍ 。在藻类 滋生的严 重的水域 ，藻量高 达１２ ０００ 万 个／ Ｌ， 水体 透明 度为 零。１９９８年５ 月至 ６ 月在云 南省昆明 市 滇池 外 海及 草海 ，采 用 Ｂ Ｃ ６５５ 杀藻 剂 进行 了现 场 杀藻 试 验。 试验结果表 明，在藻 类繁殖最 严重的区 域投加 杀藻 剂６ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ 时杀 藻率 达７８ ％ 以 上； 投加 量 １５ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ 时杀藻率 达９０ ％ 以上 ；用絮凝剂 除去部 分蓝藻后 ，只需投 加３ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ，杀藻率即 可达到 ９９ ％ 以上     

高压脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解废水中苯酚

考察了多种因素对高压脉冲电晕放电低温等离子体法降解水中苯酚效果的影响 .提高脉冲电压峰值和放电频率、延长放电时间等均可大大提高降解效果 .自由基清除剂如正丁醇和缓冲剂如硼酸盐的存在均会显著降低降解效果 .1 0 0mg·L- 1苯酚废水溶液放电处理 1 80min ,最高降解率达 67 3 % .当放电处理 42 0min时 ,废水的TOC下降 83 8% .