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891.
三峡库区退化土壤的恢复与重建研究 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
三峡库区是一个生态环境背景较为脆弱且人口压力巨大的丘陵山区,由于人类长期的过垦与破坏,土壤退化十分严重。因此,加强对库区退化土壤的恢复与重建势在必行。土壤恢复与重建包括土壤结构,养分和环境的恢复三个方面内容。 相似文献
892.
芦苇床处理油田污水的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
芦苇床处理油田污水,又名芦苇湿地污水处理工艺,工艺简单、可靠、投资低、效果好,国外早已成功地应用于生活污水的处理。辽河油田将此工艺初试于油田污水,前景喜人,有望达到生态上的良性循环。 相似文献
893.
Meera Kim Anthony L. Pometto III Kenneth E. Johnson Alfred R. Fratzke 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1994,2(1):27-38
Linear low-density polyethylene films were prepared that contained native corn starch (7, 14, or 28%), low or high molecular weight oxidized polyethylene (15%), and a prooxidant mixture (18% POLYCLEAN II) that contains manganese and vegetable oil. For each mixture all components were first mixed at high temperatures in a twin-screw extruder and pelletized. The pellets were cast into films using a single-screw extruder. Oxidized-polyethylene addition did not impair the transparency and thickness of the films and did not reduce the percentage elongation, whereas significant reductions in film mechanical properties were observed. Thermal and photodegradation properties of each film were evaluated by 70°C forced-air oven treatment (20 days), by high-temperature, high-humidity treatment in a steam chamber (20 days), and by exposure to ultraviolet light (365 nm; 4 weeks). Changes in the mechanical properties of the films were determined by an Instron Universal Test Machine; in the carbonyl index, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and in molecular weight, by high-temperature gel-permeation chromatography (HT-GPC). The addition of oxidized polyethylene, especially high molecular weight oxidized polyethylene, and up to 14% starch to the films significantly increased the rate of thermal and photodegradation.Journal Paper No. J-15363 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. Project No. 0178 and 2889. 相似文献
894.
Kris E. Spence Jay-lin Jane Anthony L. Pometto Jr 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1995,3(2):69-74
Dialdehyde starch (DAS) and zein, a hydrophobic corn protein, were investigated to produce biodegradable plastics with improved water resistance and mechanical properties. In the study, dialdehyde starch and zein ratio, plasticizers, and degree of starch oxidation were examined. Increased molding temperature and level of starch oxidation decreased water absorption of the plastic. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with starch oxidation. The biodegradation of starting materials and ground plastic specimens was studied in aerobic soil reactors maintained at 25°C for 180 days. Biodegradation of corn starch, zein, and dialdehyde starch for 180 days produced CO2 equivalent to 64, 63, and 10% of theoretical carbon, respectively. Specimens of molded DAS and zein (3 : 1) plastic showed accelerated CO2 evolution compared to DAS and other raw materials alone. By 180 days, specimens made with starch of low oxidation (1 and 5% oxidized) demonstrated a 60% biodegradation, and specimens with highly oxidized starch (90% oxidized) achieved 37% biodegradation.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.Journal Paper J-15927 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Project No. 3258. 相似文献
895.
Integration of Case Studies on Global Change by Means of Qualitative Differential Equations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present a novel methodology to integrate qualitative knowledge from different case studies on Global Change related issues
into a single framework. The method is based on the concept of qualitative differential equations (QDEs) which represents
a mathematically well-defined approach to investigate classes of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) used in conventional
modeling exercises. These classes are defined by common qualitative features, e.g., monotonicity, signs, etc. Using the QSIM-algorithm
it is possible to derive the set of possible solutions of all ODEs in the class. By this one can formulate a common, qualitatively
specified cause–effect scheme valid for all case studies. The scheme is validated by testing it against the actually observed
histories in the study regions with respect to their reconstruction by the corresponding QDE. The method is outlined theoretically
and exemplary applied to the problem of land-use changes due to smallholder agriculture in developing countries. It is shown
that the seven case-studies used can be described by a single cause–effect scheme which thus constitutes a pattern of Global Change. As a generally valid prerequisite for sustainability of this kind of land-use the presence of wage labor is shown to represent
a decisive factor.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
896.
897.
CometabolicdegradationofveratrylalcoholandbiphenylbywhiterotfungusundernitrogennutritionrichconditionLinLu,DengYaojie,HuJi... 相似文献
898.
在简要介绍了TiO2光催化降解机理的基础上,综述了影响纳米TiO2光催化性能的因素及提高其光催化能力的途径。 相似文献
899.
共基质条件下TNT降解菌的选育及其处理效果 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选取SBR弹药销毁废水处理系统中的活性污泥作为菌源,在共基质条件下,经过驯化和筛选,分离出11株可降解TNT的单菌,从中选出生长速度较快的3株菌JT1,JT2,JT3进行了单菌及混菌降解能力测试,结果表明:混合菌JTH降解能力最强,其适宜环境条件为25℃~30℃,pH7.5~9.0,基质中添加2g/L葡萄糖可显著增强混菌JTH生长并可使24h内的TNT降解率达到96 1%;模拟废水的处理实验表明:混菌JTH对COD的去除率>80%,TNT降解率80%~90%;生物强化实验表明:以0.1的菌量污泥比在SBR系统中投加混合菌可使系统的出水COD稳定在100mg/L左右,出水TNT浓度<5mg/L。 相似文献
900.
Investigation into local peoples’ perceptions can produce useful information that could be incorporated into the decision-making
process to help resolve environmental problems. Within the arena of land degradation, a number of studies have also been conducted
to explore local peoples’ views of the problem. However, the perceptions of land-degrading practices of the general public
have so far not been actively solicited. This study aimed to contribute to this area of research by adopting the psychometric
scaling technique to empirically explore the lay public’s ecological risk perceptions of land-degrading activities in Minqin
County in Gansu Province, northern China. The primary data were collected via a questionnaire survey (n = 1,138) administered between 14 and 31 December 2002. The major findings of the survey were: (1) Respondents perceived the
ecological risks posed by different land-degrading activities to be different. (2) There was a considerable incongruence in
the way in which mining of groundwater was conceived by experts and laymen, respectively. (3) Respondents were pretty unsure
of expert knowledge. (4) Respondents’ ecological risk perceptions were significantly affected by their personal attributes.
As far as the policy implications of these findings are concerned, this study accentuates that we must be aware of, and involved
in, the environmental perceptions of the lay public in order to succeed in guiding any human-environment tensions along more
sustainable trajectories and navigating the transition to sustainability. 相似文献