新疆中部天山雪岭云杉种群动态初步研究

雪岭云杉PiceaschrenkianaFisch.etMey在中部天山林区内分布于海拔1500m～2700m之间,形成一个垂直分布带。作者采用样方法进行调查,沿海拔梯度每隔100m选取两块样地(20m×20m),在海拔1500～2700m的雪岭云杉林内共选样地26块来调查中部天山雪岭云杉种群的年龄结构、密度和生物量动态。在所选样地内,调查所有雪岭云杉树木(h≥2m)的胸径并按5cm分成不同的径级,每一径级至少选取两棵树,每棵树在不同方向上钻取两个树芯,建立年龄-胸径方程推算样地内所有雪岭云杉树(h≥2m)的年龄;调查样地内所有幼苗(h<50cm)和幼树(50cm≤h<200cm)的高度并根据主干上轮枝数查数一定数目幼苗幼树的年龄,建立年龄-高度方程并推算样地内所有幼苗幼树的年龄。研究结果表明中部天山雪岭云杉种群的胸径、年龄结构和种群密度都呈倒-J型分布,种群生物量呈钟型分布,存活曲线基本介于DeeveyⅡ和DeeveyⅢ型之间。以上研究结果表明中部天山的雪岭云杉种群处于不断更新和稳定发展的时期。     

通波塘水量水质一维动态模拟及水环境容量

本文在研究通波塘水文特征和水质特征的基础上,推导出通用性较好的一维动态水量水质数学模型。该模型基本反映了通波塘水量水质的时变情况。文章对通波塘水环境容量作了计算,并提出了改善水质的建议。     

塔玛亚历山大藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫实验种群动态的影响

采用单个体培养方法研究有毒赤潮藻塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）的细胞再悬浮液、细胞破碎液及其与亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）的混合藻液对褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）实验种群动态的影响．结果表明，塔玛亚历山大藻及其细胞破碎液延缓了褶皱臂尾轮虫的生长发育，使轮虫的生殖前期延长，生殖期及寿命缩短，特定年龄出生率降低，产卵量减少，从而导致轮虫生殖力下降，种群增长受阻．其中以塔玛亚历山大藻细胞再悬浮液对轮虫的影响最为显著，rm仅为0．1832d^-1，图1表2参18     

A hydrologically driven model of swamp water mosquito population dynamics

We develop a swamp water mosquito population model that is forced solely by environmental variability. Measured temperature and land surface wetness conditions are used to simulate Anopheles walkeri population dynamics in a northern New Jersey habitat. Land surface wetness conditions, which represent oviposition habitat availability, are derived from simulations using a dynamic hydrology model. Using only these two density-independent effects, population model simulations of biting Anoph. walkeri correlate significantly with light trap collections. These results suggest that prediction of mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit could be better constrained by inclusion of environmental variability.     

Pattern formation and individual-based models: The importance of understanding individual-based movement

This paper demonstrates that while pattern formation can stabilize individual-based models of predator–prey systems, the same individual-based models also allow for stabilization by alternate mechanisms, particularly localized consumption or diffusion limitation. The movement rules of the simulation are the critical feature which determines which of these mechanisms stabilizes any particular predator–prey individual-based model. In particular, systems from well-connected subpopulations, in each of which a predator can attack any prey, generally exhibit stabilization by pattern formation. In contrast, when restricted movement within a (sub-)population limits the ability of predators to consume prey, localized consumption or diffusion limitation can stabilize the system. Thus while the conclusions from differential equations on the role of pattern formation for stability may apply to discrete and noisy systems, it will take a detailed understanding of movement and scales of interaction to examine the role of pattern formation in real systems. Additionally, it will be important to link an understanding of both foraging and inter-patch movement, since by analogy to the models, both would be critical for understanding how real systems are stabilized by being discrete and spatial.     

Population-level variation in plant secondary chemistry,and the population biology of herbivores

Summary Modern population ecology is becoming increasingly spatially-explicit. For insect hervibores, spatial variation in plant quality is a critical component of distribution and abundance. We argue that populationlevel measurements of phytochemical variation among individual plants has not kept pace with recent developments in population ecology. With examples from our own work, we demonstrate the importance of spatial variation in plant chemistry for insect herbivores, and suggest that phytochemistry should play a central role in the development of any spatially-based ecological theory.     

城市生活垃圾问题研究的系统动力学方法

利用被称为战略与策略实验室的系统动力学方法,建立了城市生活垃圾问题的系统动力学研究模型;以北京市为实例,探讨了垃圾排放及污染随人口和经济发展的变化,以及污染和占地损失、绿色GDP核算、居民家庭、企事业单位生活垃圾与建筑垃圾组合收费方案等问题.     

鼎湖山针阔叶混交林地表CH4通量

用静态箱-气相色谱法对鼎湖山针阔叶混交林的地表CH4通量进行了为期一年的原位观测和研究.结果表明,该林型土壤总体为大气CH4的吸收汇,通量年变化范围60～-120 μg·m-2·h-1,在雨季向旱季过渡的9、10月份,土壤对CH4的吸收较为强烈,而在冬季的1月份,吸收通量最小;凋落物层对该林型地表CH4的吸收没有明显的阻隔作用;多元回归分析发现CH4通量与地下5 cm温度显著相关,尤其是在土壤湿度变化不大的旱季,土壤表层温度为影响CH4通量的主导因子.     

酒精企业清洁生产的系统仿真及政策调控

酒精企业的清洁生产涉及到工艺流程的改进、循环冷却水、糟泥等的资源化利用等各方面,是一个复杂的反馈系统.采用系统动力学模型,运用DYNAMO语言,以某酒精制造企业的清洁生产为例进行仿真模拟,通过调控煤炭价格、水资源费、排污费以及沼气、糟泥等的不同利用方式等参数提出优选方案,分析提高该厂在推进清洁生产的不同方案下的经济效益,为该企业实施清洁生产方案的优化提供决策依据,为政府进行政策制定提供相关建议.     

旋转式滗水器设计的动力学计算

在对旋转式滗水器进行了水力学和运动学计算的基础上,对旋转式滗水器进行了动力学计算,给出了其动力学计算公式,与水力学和运动学计算公式一起,共同给出了旋转式滗水器完整的设计计算公式.