强化一级处理与SBR工艺处理油脂精炼加工废水

介绍了规模为200 m3/d的油脂精炼加工废水处理工程的设计与运行。先经强化一级处理工艺预处理,再经SBR工艺处理,出水的有关指标能达到设计的排放标准,工艺运行稳定。     

南阳市饮用水源区生态监测

2012年1月—2013年12月在鸭河口水库设南河店、安庄、库心、坝下4个监测站,在其下游白河盆窑段面设1个监测站,进行水质的生物监测和理化监测。按水样采集标准方法采样,采用营养状态指数法和污水生物系统法对鸭河口水库水质进行营养状态评价。结果表明,浮游藻类有7门40科90属208种(含变种),其硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻所占的百分比依次为57.79%、23.60%和11.62%;浮游藻类污染指示种5门19科25属36种(含变种),中污型藻类指示种占污染指示种的80.56%;浮游动物有28科30属36种(含变种),仅检出1种β-中污型指示种;除总氮超标外,其他理化指标和微生学指标均符合Ⅰ类水质标准。综合评定,南阳市饮用水水源区水质处于中营养状态。     

Determination of octanol-air partition coefficients and supercooled liquid vapor pressures of organochlorine pesticides

Octanol-air partition coefficients (K_OA) and supercooled liquid vapor pressures (P_L) of nine organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDD, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH were determined as functions of temperature using a gas chromatographic retention time method. Among them, the K_OA of o,p′-DDE and o,p′-DDD and the P_L of o,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDD, β-HCH and δ-HCH were determined for the first time. The determined K_OA and P_L values of investigated compounds at 25°C ranged from 3.14 × 10⁷ (α-HCH) to 3.76×10⁹ (p,p′-DDD), and 8.95×10^{? 4} Pa (p,p′-DDD) to 1.08×10^{? 1} Pa (α-HCH), respectively. The K_OA and P_L data were compared with published data. The K_OA values of o,p′-DDT at 25°C were 3.23×10⁹, higher than o,p′-DDE (1.02×10⁹) and o,p′-DDD (2.01×10⁹), indicating o,p′-DDT were more preferred to partition in soil compared with the metabolites. The K_OA values were lower and P_L values were higher for o,p′-DDE and o,p′-DDD, compared with their p,p′-isomeric counterparts, leading to a potential difference in behavior and fate of these isomers. The discrepancies among chemicals are obvious, which reflected in the increasing K_OA and decreasing P_L values in order of α-HCH, γ-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD. For each compound, the LogK_OA decreased linearly with reciprocal absolute temperature, while LogP_L had a significant positive correlation with the inverse absolute temperature. The present study suggested that the method of gas chromatographic retention time was appropriate to measure the K_OA and P_L of a number of OCPs.     

南长山岛不同土地利用方式下的土壤有机碳密度

土壤有机碳库是陆地生态系统中重要的碳库之一,以往对海岛生态系统土壤有机碳储量估算及其影响因素的研究较少.因此,本研究在南长山岛实测了不同土地利用方式下表层土壤的有机碳密度,比较了相互之间的差别,分析了与土壤理化性质的相关性.结果表明,南长山岛不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳密度差异显著(p0.01),表现为:针阔混交林刺槐黑松侧柏农田水库沿岸草地果园;森林土壤有机碳密度高于其他类型土壤.森林土壤有机碳密度与坡度(r=-0.459,p=0.085)、海拔相关性不显著.在土壤理化性质中,土壤全氮(r=0.763,p0.01)、有机质(r=0.833,p0.01)含量与森林土壤有机碳密度呈显著正相关.     

物化强化预处理对化工园区废水中典型污染物转化的影响

以江苏省某化工园区污水处理厂的原水为研究对象,分别采用臭氧氧化、铁碳微电解、Fenton氧化3种物化法对其进行强化预处理,并运用GC-MS技术对典型污染物进行了分析。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化、Fenton氧化、铁碳微电解3种物化法在最佳条件下对COD的去除率分别为8.0%,51.3%,45.6%;在提高可生化性方面,臭氧氧化法效果最好,使废水的BOD_5/COD从0.112提高到0.184,Fenton氧化法和铁碳微电解法的BOD_5/COD分别为0.150和0.123;经物化预处理后,废水中的环状物质会出现开环,同时直链物质增多,但苯环、脂类及杂环等难生物降解物质依然存在;若要单纯提高废水的可生化性,建议选用臭氧氧化法;若对去除COD及提高可生化性皆有要求,建议选用铁碳微电解法。     

上海郊区小城镇街道灰尘理化性质及重金属时空分布特征

为了解上海郊区不同类型小城镇街道灰尘的基本理化性质和重金属的时空分布特征,分别于2003年7月（夏季）和2004年4月（春季）在枫泾镇、松江新城和朱家角镇采集街道灰尘样品共计90个,分析了样品的pH、粒度、有机质和重金属的含量。结果表明：3个小城镇街道灰尘的理化性质和重金属时空分布特征具有较好的一致性,pH值为841~1137,呈碱性;有机质的平均含量为3413 g/kg;粒度主要呈单峰和双峰分布特征,粒径平均值为1736 μm,以砂粒为主。各重金属的平均含量均高于上海市土壤环境背景值。Cr和Ni含量夏季高于春季,但区域分异不显著。城镇中心区域和镇级公路Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量明显大于乡村。Cr Ni,Cu Pb Zn,Fe Mn之间具有极显著的相关性,有机质是街道灰尘重金属的重要载体     

无污泥小型生活污水处理与回用系统

采用两级接触厌氧滤池加两级接触好氧滤池可加砂慢滤加快滤工艺流程及新型填料,对居民小区生活污水的处理进行了研究,此法不排除污泥,ＢＯＤ去除率９１．７％,ＣＯＤ去除率８８．９％,ＳＳ去除率９１．１％,总Ｐ去除率达４３．５％。     

碱式氯化法处理金矿含氰废水试验研究

应用碱式氯化法处理金矿含氯废水的试验研究结果表明，漂白粉法对易释放氰化物去除率为１００％，废水经处理后易释放氰化物可达排放标准，漂白粉用量为２－４ｋｇ／ｔ废水。     

Microorganisms and physico-chemical properties of soils with different slope-protecting vegetation in Daguang Highway北大核心CSCD

In order to investigate the effect of different slope-protecting vegetation on soil restoration in the highways, we collected soils at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm from areas planted with Amorpha fruticosa, Periploca sepium, and Paederia scandens for 6-7 years in the Daming road section of the Daguang Highway, in October 2016. The physico-chemical properties and microbial community of the soils were then analyzed. The soil microbial community was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The correlation between the microbial community and the physico-chemical properties of the soils was determined by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that (1) the physico-chemical properties were the best for soils with Paederia scandens; the nutrient content, water holding capacity, and porosity of the soils with the three types of slope-protecting vegetation were better in the 0-10 cm layer than in the other layers; (2) the contents of soil aggregates (diameter > 5 mm) were the highest in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers for the soil with Paederia scandens; (3) the dominant bacteria in the 0-10 cm layer and dominant fungi in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm layers were higher in the soils with Pe. sepium and Pa. scandens than in the soil with A. fruticosa; and (4) results of RDA showed that the physical properties of the soils were the main factors that influenced the soil microbial community. The physical properties of the soils were sensitive to the change of soil quality. Soil quality can be improved by appropriate management measures, such as burying litter, which can subsequently improve the ecological environment of soils in sloping regions. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

污水厂、泵站臭气治理技术应用评析

随着中国城市化进程的快速迈进,新建污水泵站和污水处理厂的选址已经越来越接近人们工作及生活等人口密集的敏感区域,污水的输送和处理及泵站的运行过程中所散发的恶臭,影响了周围居民的正常生活。另外,人们对环境意识逐渐加强,对生活和工作的环境质量要求越来越高,污水厂的恶臭污染问题也引起越来越多的关注。本文通过对污水处理系统中臭气来源和特征分析,系统阐述臭气的主要成分、来源及其治理技术的方法、原理,并对不同的治理技术在污水厂及泵站的运用进行比较,探索污水厂、泵站臭气控制的有效途径。