再生水补给型景观水体微生物健康风险评价——以圆明园为例

再生水作为景观水体的非常规补给水源被全球各个国家广泛使用,而其内病原微生物的存在可能会通过不同传输途径对人体健康产生一定的威胁.因此,本文以粪大肠菌群(Fecal Coliform,FC)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,EC)、肠球菌(Enterococcus,ENT)为研究对象,系统调查了圆明园景观水体...     

循环经济发展指标体系研究及实证评价

以“3R”原则为指导和出发点,构建了自上而下的树型指标体系(包含目标层-控制层-指标层三层指标体系)。并形成了理论指标体系和操作指标体系,分别面向推广应用的理论研究和规划管理。据此,运用灰色关联度分析方法,对南通市循环经济规划进行预评价。分析发现：随着循环经济建设的不断推进。南通市循环经济发展水平将不断提升,但是其提升与发展表现出明显的阶段性特征,具体是：2002—2007年是对传统经济发展方式的延续与改造,因而仍处于相对粗放型的经济发展状态。循环经济建设的重点是污染减量排放和资源减量化;2008—2010年是粗放经济向集约经济转轨的阶段,此阶段更加注重生态环境保护以及污染减排和治理;2011-2020年进入了循环经济发展的初级阶段,资源集约型和节约型的循环经济初具规模。     

基于AHP和DEA模型的农业生态效率评价——以无锡市为例

农业面源污染已成为我国重要环境污染源之一,但由于农业面源污染具有分散、面广、周期长、随机性等特点,在评价上存在较大难度。根据生态效率理论,结合农业生产的特点,建立了综合考虑经济效益和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指标体系,并以江苏省无锡市为例,选取该市1998~2008年农业生产和面源污染相关数据,运用偏好锥的数据包络分析模型（DEA）对其农业生态效率进行了评价分析。结果显示：1998~2008年,无锡市农业生态效率呈现先下降后上升的趋势,近三年累计上升幅度达22%。表明近年来无锡市农业面源污染治理成效显著,农业可持续发展水平显著提高。提出的农业生态效率评价体系和方法为进一步推进农业面源污染治理工作提供了依据     

上海市社区内影响居民垃圾分类效果的关键措施指标研究

本研究依托复旦大学意愿—习惯垃圾分类行为理论对上海市不同区域、不同类型的55个社区进行大范围调研,识别出包括设施、志愿者、保洁员、启动、定时定点、租户、管理和绿色账号在内的8个社区内影响居民垃圾分类效果的关键措施指标,并且通过指标与社区实际分类效果的相关性结果证明了该指标体系的有效性。研究结果还表明,上海市社区内影响垃圾分类效果的最主要的措施指标是硬件设施、保洁人员、“定时定点”制度和志愿者。研究结果一方面可以供上海市基层政府人员使用指标体系来进行监督,另一方面也为社区因地制宜地采取措施来提高和巩固社区垃圾分类效果提供了具体的科学支撑。     

Substrate-induced changes in microbial community-level physiological profiles and their application to discriminate soil microbial communities

The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization （BIOLOG） was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity.     

基于链路预测的安全隐患管理研究*

为探寻安全隐患的发生规律，揭示安全隐患的演化特点，为管理人员提供建议和参考。以潞安集团司马煤业有限公司2009—2015年安全隐患记录为数据源，建立无向加权安全隐患共词网络，利用链路预测技术，寻找安全隐患的内在联系及发展趋势。结果表明:相比于共同邻居、资源分配等基于局部信息的相似性指标，资源分配指标能够更好地预测安全隐患各个关键词之间的变化联系；通过分析关键词共现关系，证实预测的准确性，预测出部分未来存在但当前未产生的节点关系。安全管理人员可基于此方法采取有针对性的预防措施，减少相关隐患的发生。     

Toward Water Conservation Society:the Connotationand Assessment Indication System

Water saving and developing water conservation society are the two key strategies both for wise water allocation and sustainable utilization. The paper analyses the connotation of water saving and water conservation society. Essentially, water saving means freeing up water from non-beneficial uses and providing it to some more productive uses. Basic principles for setting indicator are presented by providing efficient use of water, considering social issues and ecological protection. An integrated assessing water saving system aiming at more sustainable and efficient consumption is given considering unbalanced social and economic development in regions and basins. The hierarchy indicator system provides qualified tools to the practice of water conservation and evaluates the value for water conservation society construction.     

Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health co     

Exergy and ecological modelling of lake environment

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江西九岭南缘铜多金属矿预测

论述了江西九岭南缘大型“裂谷”、裂陷构造、推(滑)覆构造带、走滑冲断带以及长期活动的深断裂带等多层次大型构造叠置成矿环境，厘定了主攻矿床类型，优化了找矿预测的综合标志。综合找矿实践经验，运用新的矿产资源评价思路，预测出大型—超大型矿床的偏在部位，为突破新地区，发现新类型、新矿种，提供了新途径。