河南嵩县安沟钼矿地质特征

河南嵩县安沟钼矿区构造、岩浆活动强烈,具有良好的成矿地质条件。以构造控矿为主,石英-方解石脉是钼矿的主要矿石类型,属石英-方解石脉型钼矿。本文介绍了安沟钼矿床地质特征,总结了钼矿找矿标志。     

沉积环境的地球化学示踪

运用地球化学的方法,通过研究沉积岩或沉积物中各常量、微量元素及各种同位素特征,来示踪古沉积环境,以了解当时的沉积特征。通过Sr/Ba法、硼元素法、碳氧同位素法等地球化学指标判定海相沉积还是陆相沉积及了解古盐度信息;不同气候条件下特定元素(如P、Sr等)含量及元素比值(如Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca)可指示特定的古气候条件;沉积水体的氧化还原状态可通过氧化还原敏感元素(如Mo、U、V、Ni、Ce、Eu等)的分析得到较好的恢复;古水深以及海平面的相对变化则利用了元素迁移能力的差异,通过查明不同深度带沉积的元素组合(Fe族、Mn族)、比值(Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca)及同位素(87Sr/86Sr比值)的不同加以判定。沉积环境的地球化学特征同样可以用来判定沉积物源、物源岩性和构造背景及热水沉积。     

磷矿山清洁生产评价指标权重最优设计研究

如何科学、准确地确定磷矿山清洁生产评价中各评价指标权重对磷矿山清洁生产评价具有极其重要的意义。因此,为了避免评价结果出现误差,本文通过对行业专家咨询调整不同准则层(或可调整的指标层)中指标所占的权重来确定最优化生产成本,实现集约生产,实现磷矿山企业利润最大化。这一设计方案的提出可为中国清洁生产水平进行准确的评价提供参考。     

藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)对土壤铅胁迫的生理响应

为了解日益增加的城市土壤铅(Pb)胁迫对城市园林地被植物的影响,采用盆栽实验研究土壤Pb胁迫对藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)叶片生理特性的影响.结果显示,Pb胁迫处理降低了藿香蓟叶片的叶绿素总量及叶绿素a和b含量,质膜透性增大,丙二醛(MDA)含量上升.随着Pb浓度增加,同一时期内藿香蓟叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均上升,但土壤Pb浓度超过750 mg kg-1或1 000 mg kg-1后保护酶活性开始逐渐下降.随着胁迫处理时间的延长,SOD活性在d 20、d 40和d 60时都高于胁迫处理d 7时的活性,POD活性是在d 20时急剧下降,CAT活性则在胁迫处理d 60时急剧下降.研究表明,藿香蓟能在一定程度上适应土壤Pb胁迫,但Pb胁迫浓度超过750 mg kg-1后将影响其生理代谢过程.图4参20     

Safety climate and hydrocarbon leaks: An empirical contribution to the leading-lagging indicator discussion

Hydrocarbon (HC) leaks are important initiating events for major accidents in the oil and gas industry. This study explores the extent to which a safety climate indicator from a survey on working conditions undertaken in an oil and gas company (n = 2188) can be used as a leading and/or lagging indicator in relation to HC leaks on 28 offshore installations. It was found that more negative safety climate scores were associated with increasing numbers of HC leaks over a 12-month period following the survey. The safety climate indicator explained more of the variance in HC leaks than technical indicators. HC leaks in the 12-month period preceding the survey did also correlate significantly with the safety climate indicator. More HC leaks during this period were associated with worse scores on the safety climate indicator. Thus, the results support that the safety climate measure could serve as leading and lagging indicator for HC leaks. The results and their possible implications are discussed.     

融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus Thunb)为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂(JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号)不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明:随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为:芦笛一号>LBR-4>JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

Constraints to implementation of sustainability indicator systems in five Asian cities

Contemporary studies on sustainability indicator systems (SISs) typically focus on the technical advancement of indicator construction, on qualitative impacts of indicator programmes and on impacts on governance, decision-making and sustainability as a social construct. Yet, their implementation so far has rarely been addressed, even though monitoring and the use of indicator results fall far behind the number of SISs developed. This study aims at the identification of requirements for the development of and constraints to the implementation of SISs in five Asian cities of developing countries. Interviews with local key actors are held, and a qualitative content analysis is carried out. Findings include evidence on the degree of indicator implementation in the case study cities, a hexagonal model for the classification of requirements and constraints, as well as general conclusions for barriers to the use of SISs.     

Toward Water Conservation Society: the Connotation and Assessment Indication System

Abstract

Water saving and developing water conservation society are the two key strategies both for wise water allocation and sustainable utilization. The paper analyses the connotation of water saving and water conservation society. Essentially, water saving means freeing up water from non-beneficial uses and providing it to some more productive uses. Basic principles for setting indicator are presented by providing efficient use of water, considering social issues and ecological protection. An integrated assessing water saving system aiming at more sustainable and efficient consumption is given considering unbalanced social and economic development in regions and basins. The hierarchy Indicator system provides qualified tools to the practice of water conservation and evaluates the value for water conservation society construction.     

生态承载力水平评价的动态模型及其应用——以洞庭湖生态经济区为例

生态承载力是可持续发展研究的核心.本文基于生态承载力的内涵,从4个方面构建了生态承载力的评价指标体系,并以最大信息熵原理(MIEP)为基础,自组织特征映射神经网络(SOFM)为算法,借助MATLAB数学软件为计算平台,从复杂系统结构演化的角度提出了生态承载力评价模型,并用MIEP模型对洞庭湖生态经济区2008—2012年的生态承载力进行评价,以指导当地生态建设.结果表明,5年间该地区的生态承载力呈总体上升的趋势,其中,2008年和2009年两年生态承载力水平基本一致,2010年呈现较明显的上升,2011年的生态承载力剧烈下降后在2012年呈现大幅回升.ξ值各分量的雷达图揭示出各指标逐年贡献程度的变化,结合准则层面的分析发现,水资源发展状况对该地生态承载力整体水平影响较大.与主成分分析法的比较表明了MIEP模型对生态承载力评价的可行性,同时其能更好地体现生态承载力发展演变的动力学特性,连接权值的获取避免了人为设定的主观性,在评价中有明显优势,且在预测上有一定潜力.     

节约型社会评价指标体系构建及应用研究

为了评价节约型社会建设水平,根据建设节约型社会的内涵,遵循指标体系构建的一般原则,借鉴相关研究成果,采用专家咨询法,构建了由生产成本型节约、消费适度型节约、效率提高型节约、循环利用型节约、环境保护型节约、资源储备型节约、文化制度型节约7个准则层共47个指标组成的评价指标体系,并用该指标体系对全国各省市区进行了横向比较应用研究。用因子分析法计算了各省份各准则层节约分值及综合节约分值。用聚类分析法将各省份分成3种节约类型：相对高度节约类型、相对中度节约类型、相对低度节约类型。研究结果表明,属于相对高度节约和相对中度节约类型的省份位于东部沿海地区,经济增长正向集约型转变,产业结构向高级化转变,人们的节约意识较强;属于相对低度节约类型的省份位于中西部地区,经济增长方式仍是粗放型,产业结构仍处低水平状态。最后,提出了一些政策建议。