浅谈有毒有害液体化学品溢漏的应急反应技术

分析了有毒有害化学品海上溢漏的行为状态，简要介绍了针对海上溢漏的几种应急反应技术。     

西安市阎良区工程场地土层地震反应分析

本文根据西安市阎良区及周围地区的地震地质环境,在地震危险性分析的基础上,采用等效线性一维波动方法进行土层地震反应分析.计算得出50年超越概率63%、10%和2%的地面水平向峰值加速度,该结果为该地区抗震设计提供了依据,具有应用价值.     

久效磷对扁藻的生理效应

运用急性毒性实验和生化分析方法对久效磷胁迫下扁藻细胞的生理变化进行了研究，结果表明：（１）久效磷对扁藻生长有较强的抑制作用。其７２ｈ半抑制剂量为１．４６ｍｇ／Ｌ；（２）久效磷胁迫下，扁藻细胞的３种大分子物质－－蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ的含量降低；（２）久效磷引起扁藻叶绿素ａ的降解和光合速率的下降，这说明久效磷处理抑制了扁藻的生理代谢。     

稀土金属离子对梨形四膜虫的24小时生长影响

应用４种方法（细胞直计计数法、中性红试验、重蛋白及核酸含量测定）研究不同浓度稀土金属离子Ｌａ＾２＋、Ｓｍ＾３＋、Ｙ＾３＋、Ｇｄ＾３＋处理２４ｈ后，对梨形四膜虫的生长影响，结果表明，在低浓度时Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｓｍ＾３＋、Ｙ＾３＋，对四膜虫具有刺激生长的作用。随着浓度的升高，４种稀土金属离子均表现出毒性效应；高浓度时，抑制生长艇特别明显。计算Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｓｍ＾３＋、Ｙ＾３＋、Ｇｄ＾３＋的半数抑制浓度（ＩＣ     

响应面法分析Ti/TiO2电极光电催化富里酸的过程

利用响应面分析法对影响Ti/TiO2电极光电催化降解富里酸的主要因素进行了探讨.通过Design-Expert 5软件可得到1个二次响应曲面模型.结果表明,最佳的pH值、K2S2O8投加量和偏电压分别为3.8、88.40mg/L、0.88V,此时富里酸的去除率达到最大(57.06%).方差分析表明,模型具有较高的回归率(R2=97.54%),与实验结果吻合程度较高.     

MOVEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF MEDAKA (Oryzias latipes) IN RESPONSE TO SUBLETHAL TREATMENTS OF DIAZINON AND CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN SEMI-NATURAL CONDITIONS

Behavioural changes of medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with an anticholinesterase insecticide, diazinon (0.1 mg L^{- 1}), were continuously observed for 4 days in semi-natural conditions. Although variations occurred in individual specimens, the movement tracks appeared differently with typical short-range movement with irregular turns and shaking after the treatments. Eight movement patterns frequently observed before and after the treatments were selected, and the variables characterising the movement patterns were compared quantitatively. The variables were clearly differentiated when the movement patterns were correspondingly matched before and after the treatments (e.g., vertical movements, horizontal movements, etc). Meander and stop duration were highly different among the selected movement patterns. Additionally, different degree of toxic response behaviours could also be detected by quantitative characterisation of the variables. Response behaviour was confirmed with toxicological experiments that show the decrease in the acetylcholine esterase activity in the head and body of specimens. Quantitative investigations on the variables of the movement tracks suggested the usefulness of response behaviour as a monitoring tool for environmental assessment.     

Ecohydrological impact–assessment modeling: an example for terrestrial ecosystems in Noord-Holland, the Netherlands

In the Netherlands the increasing demand for ecohydrological models on a regional (provincial) scale has resulted in the development of an empirical statistical impact–assessment model for semi-natural terrestrial herbaceous ecosystems. This model, called ITORS, describes the relationship between plant species and site factors such as soil, groundwater and management. The model, developed for the region of Noord-Holland, is applied to support provincial policy on soil and water management. The empirical statistical approach required the collection of a large set of field data, describing the biotic and environmental variation of a variety of semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems in Noord-Holland. These data were used to calculate species response models with help of logistic regression, resulting in significant models for 130 out of 144 species. Significant species response models were incorporated in the computer program ITORS. With help of ITORS the effect of various management scenarios can be easily evaluated, which is demonstrated by an example. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network's Proposed Core Monitoring Variables: An Early Warning of Environmental Change

This article reports on the evaluation of existing ecologicalmonitoring variables from a variety of sources to select a suiteof core variables suitable for monitoring at the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) sites located acrossCanada. The purpose of EMAN is to promote the acquisition of relevant and consistent data that can be used to report on national trends and provide an early warning of ecosystem change. Existing monitoring variables were evaluated in twosteps. In the first step, three primary criteria were used to pre-screen preliminary variables. In the second step, a moredetailed evaluation considered twenty criteria based on dataquality, applicability, data collection methods, data analysisand interpretation, existing data and programs, and cost effectiveness to select a draft set of core monitoring variables(CMV). An ecological framework was developed to organize the CMVin a manner that permitted a gap analysis to confirm the CMV assessed a wide range of relevant environment components. Thesuite of CMV were then tested to determine their effectiveness in detecting ecosystem change caused by stressors with ecosystemresponses that have been well documented in the literature. Thisproject is part of a process lead by Environment Canada to select CMV to detect and track ecosystem change at EMAN sites. It is anticipated that the proposed CMV will undergo future discussion and development leading to the final selection of asuite of CMV for use at EMAN sites.     

Evaluating response surface designs for uncertainty analysis and prescriptive applications of a large-scale water quality model

Environmental models are often too large and cumbersome for effective use in regulatory decision making or in the characterization of uncertainty. This paper describes and compares four response surfaces that could complement a large-scale water quality model, the U.S. National Water Pollution Control Assessment Model (NWPCAM), in simulation and regulatory decision support applications. Results show that a physically based reduced-form model that exploits the mathematical structure of the underlying water quality model is a better predictor of policy-relevant outputs than the polynomial expansions that are frequently used in response surface studies.     

新疆自然植被对非对称性昼夜增温的时滞响应

为探究新疆地区植被活动与昼夜增温之间的复杂关系,本文利用2000~2015年归一化植被指数（NDVI）及气象数据,定量研究了新疆北疆、南疆及伊犁地区生长季日间最高气温（T_max）、夜间最低气温（T_min）变化趋势及植被对非对称性累积昼夜增温的时滞响应,通过二阶偏相关分析了T_max、T_min对新疆地区植被的影响.结果表明：北疆、南疆及伊犁地区昼夜增温均呈非对称性,昼夜增温空间异质性显著,北疆地区T_min增温速率为T_max增温速率的1.67倍,南疆地区T_min增温速率为T_max增温速率的1.59倍,伊犁地区T_min增温速率为T_max增温速率的2.67倍,伊犁地区昼夜温差缩小趋势显著.植被对非对称性昼夜累积增温时滞性呈现明显的空间差异,T_max、T_min对新疆地区植被平均滞后时间为（0.97±0.93）个月和（0.91±0.95）个月.南疆、北疆及伊犁地区针叶林、阔叶林及草甸草原植被受日间增温的影响,荒漠草原、典型草原受夜间增温影响显著,夜间增温影响范围更广.