复合材料太阳翼基板声学疲劳特性研究

研究航天器在声激励下的疲劳行为及其演变规律,对证航天器的运行安全。针对碳纤维蒙皮-铝蜂窝的太阳翼基板声致疲劳问题,使用耦合FE/BEM方法,建立航天器太阳翼基板的数值分析模型,以声学试验结果为依据,对仿真模型进行验证。噪声激励持续作用60 s后,损伤率分布呈沿结构长轴对称状态,疲劳危险点处最大损伤率D=0.0232,太阳翼基板未出现疲劳破坏,最短疲劳寿命T=2.58×103s。太阳翼基板中心区域为结构设计薄弱处,该区域在多阶模态下的应力水平较高,疲劳寿命较短,极易导致疲劳破坏。     

铁炭微电解还原Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学及其响应面法条件优化

以Cr(VI)模拟废水为研究对象,研究了铁碳微电解过程中溶液p H、铁屑投加量、反应时间、铁碳质量比及溶液初始浓度等因素对处理过程的影响。在单因素实验基础上,以Cr(VI)去除率为考察目标,溶液初始p H、反应时间、铁炭质量比为考察因素,采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化了铁炭微电解处理Cr(VI)的工艺条件与拟合二次多项式回归数学模型,分析了3个独立变量之间的交互作用对Cr(VI)去除率的影响。结果表明,当最佳工艺条件p H为2,反应时间为60 min,m(Fe)∶m(C)为2.5时废水中Cr(VI)去除率可达97.85%,与模型预测值96.46%接近,证实了该模型的可靠性。     

旱柳(Salix matsudana Koidz)对Pb的耐性、富集、转运与胁迫响应研究

耐性机理的系统解析对于旱柳在土壤Pb污染控制上的应用具有重要意义.为了明确旱柳对Pb的耐性机理,通过盆栽试验研究了旱柳对Pb的耐性、富集、转运特征,采用STEM、EDAX、FTIR分析了旱柳对Pb的胁迫响应机制.结果表明:低含量(≤600 mg·kg-1)Pb对旱柳生长有促进作用,高含量(≥1000 mg·kg-1)Pb明显抑制旱柳的生长;旱柳对Pb具有很高的耐性,耐性指数TI(%)可达108.32,属Pb高耐性植物;旱柳对Pb的富集能力较强,富集系数均值可达7.5773,而对Pb的转运能力较弱,转运系数均小于1;低含量Pb胁迫不影响叶绿素的合成,也不会促生丙二醛(MDA),而高含量Pb胁迫明显抑制叶绿素的合成,促使MDA大量生成,导致严重的细胞膜脂过氧化和膜损伤;抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)及可溶性蛋白能够对低含量Pb胁迫做出积极有效的响应,但无法清除高含量Pb胁迫所产生的毒害;扫描透射电镜(STEM)分析表明,Pb胁迫使根系发黑、萎蔫,茎部破败、堵塞,叶片褶皱、卷曲,破坏气孔结构;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,Pb胁迫使导致膜脂过氧化和膜损伤的自由羟基增多,而使对Pb具有络合、螯合作用的连生羟基、巯基、羰基数量减少;能谱(EDAX)分析表明,Pb胁迫抑制了Ca、K的吸收,同时干扰其他矿质元素的吸收利用.     

低频超声耦合臭氧氧化降解水中双酚A及响应面优化研究

采用低频超声(20k Hz)强化臭氧氧化降解水中双酚A(BPA),考察了不同反应时间、臭氧浓度、超声功率和溶液p H值等因素下US、O3以及US/O3体系对BPA的降解效率,并采用响应曲面法(RSM)分析了影响因子作用排序,确定了运行调控策略。结果表明:O3对BPA具有较好的降解效率,低频超声则难以有效降解BPA,US对O3的强化程度随反应条件不同而不同,US在酸性条件和低臭氧浓度时,可显著提高臭氧体系对BPA的降解效率;响应面分析结果表明回归方程拟合程度高;US/O3的影响因子作用大小排序为:p H>臭氧浓度>超声功率,其中臭氧浓度与超声功率的相互作用较大。     

Evaluation of a long-range lagrangian dispersion model with ETEX

Performance of a Lagrangian dispersion model was examined in connection with its dependency on the boundary layer modelling and the input data resolution. The European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) data were used as reference. According to the sensitivity analysis of the model performance, the long-range dispersion model with the sparse input data was not noticeably different from that with the finer resolution data. The assumption of the prescribed constant mixing depth did not largely degrade the prediction results as compared with the simulation results with the temporally changing boundary layer. It is, therefore, concluded that the model is practical, considering the limited input data in the operational mode. However, it was also pointed out that the parameterization for the horizontal and vertical diffusion processes used in the present model enhanced the growth of plume. The improvement of input data resolution in time and space caused further dispersion of tracer deterministically. These resulted in the underestimation of the maximum concentration and the unfocussed concentration distribution map although the mean concentration was predicted fairly well.     

中国参与经济全球化的区域格局响应研究

以加入WTO为标志.中国积极参与经济全球化已成为一种必然.但由于我国的国土规模、自然环境、气候条件等方面的地区差异很大,地区之间在发展水平上一直存在着差距,地区发展不平衡是个长期的国内政治经济现象.这种地区发展的差距表现为各类地区融入经济全球化的程度不同,反应不同.有些地区能够借助经济的全球化而发展自身,有些地区则无法从中受益,甚至因而处于更加落后的境地.本文从三大经济地带、各经济区和各省(市)区三个屡次分析和探讨了不同区域对经济全球化响应的差异,并对全球化条件下我国内部区域一体化格局进行了深入的研究.     

朱溪流域植被覆盖的时空变化及地形分异特征

分析2003~2011年朱溪流域植被覆盖的时空分布状况及其变化的地形响应特征,为该地区进一步治理水土流失和生态恢复工程提供决策支持。基于RS和GIS技术,采用像元二分法模型计算植被覆盖度,通过植被重心模型、地形响应指数表征其植被覆盖的时空变化规律。(1)朱溪流域植被覆盖度整体呈上升趋势,Ⅳ、Ⅴ类的植被覆盖面积比率已达到区域的62.28%;格局动态上,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类重心向东北方向移动,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类重心向西南方向移动,表现为流域植被中、西部改善,东部零散退化的空间格局;(2)在海拔0~300m、坡度小于5°和大于35°区域各等级植被覆盖面积变化最显著,治理措施有效到位,而海拔450~500m处I类植被覆盖面积增加,应引起相关注意。8年间该流域植被覆盖有明显改善,各等级植被覆盖变化在不同地形条件下差异明显。     

Effect of soluble maillard reaction products on cadA expression in Salmonella typhimurium

The presence of Maillard reaction products (MRP) in foods and food components is due to the non-enzymatic reaction between protein and carbohydrate residues triggered by thermal steps during food processing. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of MRPs and increasing lysine concentrations on S. Typhimurium growth and the expression of cadA which may be an indirect determinant of Salmonella virulence response. Variations in lysine concentrations (from 0 to 0.5 mM) did not exert any effect either on the final optical density after 6-hour incubation or the growth rates of S. Typhimurium in media containing MRPs. In contrast to the reduced final absorbancy of the bacterial cultures grown with histidine and arginine MRPs supplementations (0.1%), growth rates, in general, remained unaltered by all MRPs at each lysine concentration when compared to the control (M9 pH 5.8, no MRPs added). The induction levels of cadA in media containing 0.1% MRPs were close to cadA induction in the reference media (M9, pH 5.8 and no MRPs) and did not exceed the corresponding values by more than approximately 30%. Although the observed negligible induction of cadA under these conditions complies with the concept of its potential “anti-virulence” function, additional studies involving various concentrations and more refined MRPs are needed.     

Effects of Harvest of Nontimber Forest Products and Ecological Differences between Sites on the Demography of African Mahogany

Abstract: The demographic impacts of harvesting nontimber forest products (NTFP) have been increasingly studied because of reports of potentially unsustainable harvest. Nevertheless, our understanding of how plant demographic response to harvest is altered by variation in ecological conditions, which is critical for developing realistic sustainable‐use plans, is limited. We built matrix population models to test whether and how variation in ecological conditions affects population responses to harvest. In particular, we examined the effect of bark and foliage harvest on the demography of populations of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in two contrasting ecological regions of Benin, West Africa. K. senegalensis bark and foliage harvest significantly reduced its stochastic population growth rates, but ecological differences between regions had a greater effect on population growth rates than did harvest. The effect of harvest on population growth rates (Δλ) was slightly stronger in the moist than in the drier region. Life‐table response experiments revealed that the mechanism by which harvesting reduced λ differed between ecological regions. Lowered stasis (persistence) of larger life stages lead to a reduction in λ in the drier region, whereas lowered growth of all life stages lowered λ in moist region. Potential strategies to increase population growth rates should include decreasing the proportion of individuals harvested, promoting harvester‐owned plantations of African mahogany, and increasing survival and growth by promoting no‐fire zones in gallery forests. Our results show how population responses to harvest of NTFP may be altered by ecological differences across sites and emphasize the importance of monitoring populations over the climatic range in which they occur to develop more realistic recommendations for conservation.     

公路桥面伸缩装置及其对桥梁静动力性能影响综述∗

桥梁伸缩装置(以下简称伸缩缝)使用环境恶劣、受荷形式复杂,易出现多种病害。伸缩缝病害会造成桥梁耐久性降低,车致桥梁动力响应加重等不利现象。因此,伸缩缝病害机理及其处置方法和考虑伸缩缝参数影响的车-桥耦合动力响应规律研究受到了广泛关注。本文综述了桥梁伸缩缝力学性能,常见病害及其影响,病害机理及其处置方法等的发展现状;重点讨论了考虑伸缩缝参数及其变化影响的桥梁动力响应的研究进展及存在的问题;展望了未来桥梁伸缩缝研究中有待解决的关键问题。