国家地震应急快速响应信息系统建设——以首都圈地区为基础

以首都圈防震减灾示范项目的建设为例，介绍了国家层次的地震应急快速响应信息系统的总体架构、技术路线和核心功能。该系统以B／S和C／S混合结构为主体架构，以GIS为开发平台，实现了地震触发—灾害响应—灾害评估—辅助对策应急响应流程的各项相关核心功能，对我国开展“十五”应急响应工作提供了一定的借鉴经验。     

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合关系及交互响应

在分析生态保护与高质量发展耦合机理的基础上,以省域为研究单元评价黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调度,并与长江经济带进行对比;利用面板VAR模型定量考察黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的交互响应关系。主要结论如下：（1）研究期内黄河流域生态保护指数和高质量发展指数均呈现增长的趋势,总体均呈现中下游地区高于上游地区的格局。（2）研究期内黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合协调度整体呈现增长的态势,其中2003—2011年耦合协调度小于0.5,属于拮抗阶段;2012—2017年耦合协调度处于0.5~0.7之间,属于磨合阶段;耦合协调度总体呈现下游>中游>上游的空间格局,在省域层面山东和陕西的耦合协调度最大,宁夏和青海的耦合协调状况最差。（3）黄河流域的生态保护指数略高于全国平均水平,但低于长江经济带;高质量发展指数和耦合协调度都低于全国平均水平,与长江经济带的差距更大。（4）黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展两个子系统都存在正向累进效应和惯性发展特征,并且两者对于自身的影响程度都呈现逐步下降的态势,其中高质量发展对自身的影响程度下降更为明显;黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展具有正向促进作用,但由于生态保护和高质量发展水平偏低且内部发展不均衡,造成二者的作用机制不显著。     

贵州省乡村旅游空间特征的主导因子及其空间响应——基于地理加权相关系数的分析

选取贵州省1976个乡村旅游点作为研究对象,采用核密度、地理探测器、地理加权相关系数探究了2017—2019年该省乡村旅游空间特征、主导因子及其空间响应。结果表明:(1)乡村旅游空间格局为"中部集聚、周边随机"和"双核心、多热点"。(2)高程、住宿接待能力、水文环境、地形坡高等是影响乡村旅游空间特征的主要因素。(3)除地形坡高与乡村旅游呈负相关外,其他主导因子均与乡村旅游呈正相关,高程的起伏促进了乡村旅游的发展。     

环境诱导表面重构调控PVC和PET塑料的可浮性

针对浮选过程中塑料可浮性波动问题,以表面重构和热力学分析为理论基础,研究了亲水改性后的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料的亲疏水性对环境的响应规律.结果表明,PET在空气、乙醇和水中分别恢复82％、47％和0.2％的疏水性,PVC则恢复100％、37％和2％(温度70℃).与低温极性环境相比,高温非...     

Fused CFD-interpolation model for real-time prediction of hazardous gas dispersion in emergency rescue

Accidental releases of hazardous gases in chemical industries can pose great threats to public security. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is commonly applied to predict gas dispersion in complex structured areas. It can provide good accuracy but it is too time-consuming to be used in emergency response. To reduce computation time while keep acceptable accuracy, this paper proposes several fused CFD-interpolation models which combine CFD model with different interpolation methods. Spline, linear and nearest interpolation methods are used. A CFD simulations database is created ahead of time which can be quickly recalled for emergency usage and unknown situations can be predicted instantly by interpolation methods instead of time-consuming CFD model. Fused models were applied to a case study involving a hypothetical propane release with varying conditions and validated against CFD model. The validation shows that prediction accuracy of these fusion models is acceptable. Among these models, CFD-Spline interpolation model performs best. It is faster than CFD model by a factor of 75 and is potentially a good method to be applied to real-time prediction.     

Structural response for vented methane–air deflagrations: Effects of volumetric blockage ratio

To investigate the effects of cylinders placed parallel to the venting direction on the structural response of the vessel walls to an explosion, 25 batches of vented explosion tests were conducted in a 1 m³ rectangular vessel. Two types of structural response with different amplitudes and frequency distributions were observed and evaluated by comparing the vibration data with both the pressure data and high-speed videos. A low-amplitude structural response of approximately 150–250 m/s², which increased slightly as VBR increased, was triggered by a combination of the initial flame propagation, external explosion, Helmholtz oscillations, and the Taylor instability. A high-amplitude structural response of approximately 9500 m/s² was also observed, which decreased sharply as VBR increased. Additionally, the high amplitude response was never observed when more than two cylinders were present in the vessel. The high amplitude response was triggered due to the coupling between the acoustic wave, the flame, and the resonance of the vessel. The presence of obstacles did not increase the severity of the structural responses under the current experimental conditions. To the contrary, the presence of obstacles in the container attenuated or even inhibited the high-amplitude vibration of the container caused by the explosion.     

突发环境事件应急监测应对措施分析

在发生突发环境事件事件时,污染事件较为常见,为准确采取应对措施,必须有针对性地开展应急监测,及时采取有效的应对措施。对此,本文首先对突发环境污染事件与应急监测响应概念进行介绍,然后对突发环境事件应急监测准备工作以及应对措施进行详细探究。     

大跨度斜拉桥抗震性能分析与减震控制研究

本文以香溪河大桥为工程背景,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立该斜拉桥的有限元模型,进行地震作用下的动力非线性时程分析,并以COMBIN37单元模拟非线性粘滞阻尼器,研究了粘滞阻尼器参数对桥梁抗震性能的影响规律,并确定了合理的阻尼器参数取值。并对未设置与设置粘滞阻尼器的桥梁结构地震响应进行数值分析与比较,分析结果表明:合理设置粘滞阻尼器,可以有效降低桥梁结构关键部位在地震作用下的位移响应,并对结构内力也有一定的降低。本文研究结果为大跨度斜拉桥振动控制分析及工程应用具有重要的指导意义。     

浙江省大气重污染应急预警

通过比较多地省级及城市的大气重污染预案和分析浙江省大气重污染预警工作情况及一次大气重污染预警案例来研究省级大气重污染应急。结果表明,省级应急预案在机构组织和职责、预警分级以及应急措施3个方面有需完善的地方,并且在区域应急联动方面的内容相对缺乏。通过对问题的探讨,建议可以通过构建畅通应急信息交流渠道、设定符合地区污染特征的预警分级以及科学安排多城市应急联动减排等方式来进一步完善省级大气重污染应急预案。     

新型三维电化学氧化体系处理压裂返排液

采用不锈钢作阴极、镀钌铱的钛板作阳极、铁碳材料作粒子电极,构建新型三维电化学氧化体系,处理压裂返排液,并通过响应曲面法考察COD去除率和除油率的影响因素。实验结果表明:回归方程的相关系数及校正相关系数均大于0.9,回归方程的线性关系显著;返排液COD去除率和除油率影响因素的大小顺序均为电流电解时间粒子填充比,其中关键因素是电流,电解时间和粒子填充比之间的交互作用具有较大影响;在电解时间为31.8 min、电流为4.4 A、粒子填充比为61.2%的条件下,COD从606.4 mg/L降至68.5 mg/L,含油量从153.7 mg/L降至9.1 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准。