Phytoextraction of lead and its relationship with histidine in six plant species using ICP-MS and HPLC-MS

High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) methods were used for determination of histidine and lead in leaves of six plant species taken from industrial areas, including Gaziantep and Bursa cities, Turkey. For extraction of histidine from plant samples, ultrapure water was used at 90°C for 30?min. Using optimum conditions of 0.2?mL?min^?1, 70?V, 15?µL and 20°C, concentrations of histidine (in mg?kg^?1) were found to be between 2 and 9 for Morus L., 6 and 13 for Robinia pseudoacacio L., 2 and 10 for Populous nigra L., 3 and 10 for Thuja, 1 and 11 for Cupressus arizonica and 4 for Cedrus libani. Concentrations of lead were in the ranges of 4–378?mg?kg^?1 for Morus L., 1–122?mg?kg^?1 for R. pseudoacacio L., 1–14?mg?kg^?1 for P. nigra L., 1.6–224?mg?kg^?1 for Thuja (Cupressaceae), 1.5–57?mg?kg^?1 for C. arizonica and 1.8?mg?kg^?1 for C. libani. Related with correlation coefficient, significant linear correlation for Thuja (Cupressaceae) (r?=?0.81) and insignificant linear correlation for P. nigra L. (r?=?0.50) were seen. Further, the leaves of Morus L., Thuja and R. pseudoacacio L. have a potential as biomonitor and/or hyperaccumulator for Pb because the rates of their maximum/minimum concentrations were found higher than 90.     

NTA对玉米体内Cu、Zn的积累及亚细胞分布的影响

通过向多金属复合污染土壤中加入螯合剂氨三乙酸(NTA)并运用差速离心法研究了NTA对玉米根、茎和叶中Cu、Zn亚细胞分布的影响.结果表明:Cu和Zn在玉米细胞内的分布特征与其吸收和富集重金属能力密切相关,NTA能显著促进Cu和Zn在玉米体内的吸收和积累并且影响重金属在细胞壁和液泡内的分布.在玉米细胞内,细胞壁是Cu的主要结合位点,其次为含液泡的细胞质部分,只有少量的Cu分布在叶绿体、线粒体、细胞核等细胞器组分中;Zn更趋向于分布在以液泡为主的细胞质中,并且在细胞器中也有较高的分布.在NTA诱导下,Cu和Zn在液泡内的分布呈强化趋势,有从细胞壁向细胞质转移的趋势,叶片中细胞器的重金属也部分向细胞质转移.     

羽叶鬼针草对Pb的吸收特性及修复潜力

羽叶鬼针草对土壤中Pb的吸收特性和修复潜力的研究结果表明:①鬼针草对Pb有很强的吸收能力,在土壤Pb浓度为2 000mg·L^-1时,鬼针草地上部和根系中Pb含量达到最高,分别为2 164.7mg·kg^-1和1 509.3 mg·kg^-1;②鬼针草植物对Pb的吸收有很强的分异特征,植物吸收的Pb主要富集于地上部,Pb在植物体内的分布规律是叶子>茎>根系>种子;③不同生长期植物对Pb的吸收速度是不同的,植物在开花期对Pb的吸收速度最大,吸收量根系为15.81 mg·(kg·d)^-1,地上部是19.83 mg·(kg·d)^-1.羽叶鬼针草具备修复土壤Pb污染的潜力.     

Phytoremediation for phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with phenanthrene and pyrene was investigated using twelve plant species. Plant uptake nd accumulation of these chemicals were evaluated. At the end of the experiment(45 d), the remaining respective concentrations of soil henanthrene and pyrene in spiked vegetated soils, with initial phenanthrene of 133.3 mg/kg and pyrene of 171.5 mg/kg, were 8.71-16.4 nd 44.9-65.0 mg/kg, generally 4.7%-49.4% and 7.1%-35.9% lower than their concentrations in the non-vegetated soils. The loss f phenanthrene and pyrene in vegetated spiked soils were 88.2%-93.0% and 62.3%-73.8% of the added amounts of these ontaminants, respectively. Although plant uptake and accumulation of these compounds were evident, and root concentrations and RCFs(root concentration factors; defined as the ratio of PAH concentrations in roots and in the soils on a dry weight basis) of these compounds ignificantly positively correlated to root lipid contents, plant uptake and accumulation only accounted for less than 0.01% and 0.23% of the nhanced loss of these chemicals in vegetated versus non-vegetated soils. In contrast, plant-promoted microbial biodegradation was the ominant mechanism of the phytoremediation for soil phenanthrene and pyrene contamination. Results from this study suggested a easibility of the establishment of phytoremediation for soil PAH contamination.     

利用美洲商陆修复锰尾渣污染土壤对后茬植物的影响

采用盆栽法研究用锰超富集植物美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana)修复锰尾渣污染土壤对后茬植物大豆(Glycine max)和绿豆(Phaseolus radiatus)的影响.经美洲商陆修复锰尾渣污染土壤后,后茬植物大豆和绿豆的镉、铅、锌和锰含量降低,污染土壤的毒性减弱,有利于这2种植物生长.经美洲商陆修复2～3 a,可显著减弱污染土壤对大豆的毒性.由此可见,在经美洲商陆修复的污染土壤上栽培大豆,可以增加含氮量,促进其他植物生长,从而维持锰尾渣污染区植被持续发展.     

锰超富集植物种质资源及耐性机制研究进展

工矿业引起的土壤和水体锰污染问题正引起人们的重视,利用超富集植物清除土壤和水体环境中的重金属和类金属污染的植物修复技术因其潜在的高效、廉价及环境友好性获得政府和企业的广泛关注.超富集植物是植物修复的基础.文章对国内外文献报道的重金属和类金属超富集植物种质资源进行了分类整理,迄今发现超富集植物492种,但绝大多数属于镍超...     

Effects of manganese waste on growth,nodulation, proline levels,and enzymatic activities in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

Phytoremediation studies were carried out on the waste of Kalakhunta manganese (Mn) mines located in Banswara, Rajasthan, which is rich in Mn and iron. Various treatments, including the addition of soil, farmyard manure, sawdust, and biogas slurry, as well as differing quantities of NPK and capping with 10% soil were undertaken to ameliorate the effects of inhospitable waste. The effect of unamended and variously treated amended waste was studied on the growth, nodulation, yield, leaf area, and enzymatic activity of the test plants to ascertain the degree of toxicosis that plants may encounter during the process of phytostabilization. The levels of proline and activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and nitrate reductase were affected by the treatments applied. Data showed that addition of 10% soil + 3 NPK is the most suitable treatment for the purpose of revegetation of Mn-mine waste, as the plants displayed the highest growth under this treatment condition.     

Introducing a new metal accumulator plant and the evaluation of its ability in removing heavy metals

A field study was conducted in a dried waste pool of a lead (Pb) mine in Arak (Iran) to find the accumulator plant(s) and to evaluate the amount of metal bioaccumulation in the root and shoot portion of the naturally growing vegetation. Concentrations of heavy metals were determined both in the soil and the plants that were grown in the dried waste pool. The concentrations of total Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni in the waste pool were found to be higher than the natural soil and the toxic levels. The results showed that six dominant vegetations, namely, Centaurea virgata, Eleagnum angustifolia, Euphorbia macroclada, Gundelia tournefortii, Reseda lutea, and Scariola orientalis accumulated heavy metals. Based on the results, it was concluded that E. macroclada belonging to Euphorbiaceae is the best Pb accumulator and also a good accumulator for Zn, Cu, and Ni. The bioaccumulation ability of E. macroclada was evaluated in experimental pots. The study showed that the amount of heavy metals in polluted soils decreased several times during two years of phytoremediation. The accumulation of metal in the root, leaves, and shoot portions of E. macroclada varied significantly, but all the concentrations were within the toxic limits. Based on the obtained data, E. macroclada is an effective accumulator plant for soil detoxification and phytoremediation in critical conditions.     

太湖蓝藻的时空变化规律及治理方法

利用2009─2012年丰水期和平水期的生物调查获取的环境和生物数据,研究太湖蓝藻的时空分布规律,分析蓝藻分布与其他物理、化学和生物因子（如温度、酸碱性、有机物和营养盐含量、浮游植物与浮游动物密度等）的相关关系。结果表明：太湖水质基本上超出V类地表水指标,主要的超标因子是总氮。总氮在丰水期和平水期的质量浓度分别为3.05 mg·L-1和1.65 mg·L-1,总氮在丰水期质量浓度降低的主要原因可能是丰水期蓝藻迅速生长,吸收了大量的营养盐。蓝藻仍是太湖浮游植物的优势种。2009─2012年太湖蓝藻的密度随年份无明显变化,但随季节和区域存在显著差异：丰水期蓝藻密度均值为4.87×10^7cell·L-1,明显高于平水期蓝藻密度（1.51×10^6 cell·L-1）;太湖东部采样点蓝藻密度明显低于其他湖区。影响蓝藻的非生物因素包括温度、酸碱度和营养盐,高温、偏碱性和高营养盐含量都会增加蓝藻的密度。蓝藻与其他浮游植物和大型水生植物之间存在竞争关系,蓝藻密度增加促进了枝角类的生长。推荐利用机械打捞和大型水生植物修复方法,因为这2种方法可在降低蓝藻密度的同时去除水体中的有机物和营养盐,可以从根本上降低太湖蓝藻水华的风险。增加其他藻类和枝角类控制蓝藻水华方法可行性较差：1）蓝藻暴发时期其它藻类对能量和营养的竞争能力弱于蓝藻,难以抑制蓝藻的生长;2）在太湖中增加枝角类可能降低现有蓝藻的密度,但建立完整的食物链体系降低富营养化程度,防范生物调控中可能存在的生态风险（如其他藻类水华等）较困难。     

Growth and metal uptake of energy sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in different metal mine tailings with soil amendments

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of growing energy sugarcane(Saccharum spp.) in three different metal mine tailings(Cu, Sn and Pb/Zn tailings) amended with uncontaminated soil at different mixing ratios. The results indicated that sugarcane was highly tolerant to tailing environments. Amendments of 20% soil to Sn tailings and 30% soil to Cu tailings could increase the biomass of cane-stem for use as the raw material for bioethanol production. Heavy metals were mostly retained in roots, which indicated that sugarcane was useful for the stabilization of the tailings. Bagasse and juice, as the most valuable parts to produce bioethanol, only accounted for 0.6%– 3% and 0.6%–7% of the total metal content. Our study supported the potential use of sugarcane for tailing phytostabilization and bioenergy production.