富含Cd、Pb植物焚烧处理方法的探讨

植物修复技术在重金属污染土壤修复领域有着良好的应用前景，而焚烧被认为是针对收获植物的一种有效后处理手段。采用富含Cd、Pb的野生植物铁芒萁(Dicranopteris pedata)，在450、650、850℃不同温度下进行了焚烧模拟试验，对焚烧过程中的灰分、Cd及Pb残留量的变化情况进行了探讨。结果表明，铁芒萁的灰分残留量可以降到10％以下，Cd、Pb在灰化过程中均有很大损失，直接利用底灰来进行Cd、Pb的冶炼回收不可行，烟气中的Cd、Pb可能产生二次污染，应采取措施加以防治。     

利用美洲商陆修复锰尾渣污染土壤对后茬植物的影响

采用盆栽法研究用锰超富集植物美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana)修复锰尾渣污染土壤对后茬植物大豆(Glycine max)和绿豆(Phaseolus radiatus)的影响.经美洲商陆修复锰尾渣污染土壤后,后茬植物大豆和绿豆的镉、铅、锌和锰含量降低,污染土壤的毒性减弱,有利于这2种植物生长.经美洲商陆修复2～3 a,可显著减弱污染土壤对大豆的毒性.由此可见,在经美洲商陆修复的污染土壤上栽培大豆,可以增加含氮量,促进其他植物生长,从而维持锰尾渣污染区植被持续发展.     

Pb超富集植物对营养元素N、P、K的响应

利用富集重金属或对重金属具有耐性的植物修复重金属污染土壤，是治理土壤重金属污染的新途径。本研究通过温室土培方法，研究了营养元素N、P、K对3种Pb超富集植物绿叶苋菜、紫穗槐和羽叶鬼针草生长发育及Pb吸收的影响。结果表明，少量的N和K会促进富集植物叶片叶绿素值和干质量的增加，促进植物对Pb的吸收；随着N和K水平的增加，虽然叶绿素值和干质量一直在增加，但植物对Pb的吸收能力降低；K对植株Pb的吸收能力的抑制作用不如N显著。土壤供P会降低植物对Pb的吸收，且下降极显著。少量的N、P、K均使富集植物中的Pb迁移总量增加，高质量分数时则抑制。但K的抑制作用不如N及P的显著。     

The combined use of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation to decontaminate metal-polluted soils: a laboratory-scale feasibility study

The use of a combination of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation to decontaminate two metal-polluted soils has been demonstrated in laboratory-scale reactors. One soil was heavily contaminated with copper, the other with cadmium and arsenic (2500 g g^-1 Cu; 300-400 g g^-1 Cd and 230 g g^-1 As, respectively). Test reactors with twoseparated chambers, each with a capacity of 5.25 kg soil, wereconstructed, then the respective chambers were filled with eithera mixture of the polluted soil and a control topsoil (75:25) ortopsoil alone. Reactors were sown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv Elka) and a constant voltage of 30 V was applied continually across the soils in each reactor. Soil sampling took place at the start and the end of the test run, whilst plant foliage was sampled after approximately 3 weeks (both reactors) 6 weeks (Cd soil reactor only) and at the conclusion of each test run (98 days Cu soil, 80 days Cd soil). Soil and plant metal concentrations were measured, together withsoil pH. Results showed that in both soils there was a significant re-distribution of metals from anode to cathode in the test reactors, coupled with an enhancement of plant Cu uptakein the cathode region for the Cu soil. Patterns of plant Cd uptake were less clear cut and were not as clearly related to theredistribution of Cd measured in the soil. There was significant acidification of soil at the anode in each test reactor, but soilpH in other parts of the reactor changed little during the courseof the experiment. Plant growth was affected at the anode, but was not affected in other parts of the reactor. There was no visual evidence of metal toxicity in the ryegrass in either polluted soil. Some effects on soil fungi were apparent, with a stimulation of Fusarium infection of ryegrass in the cathode region of all reactors and the appearance of sporophoresof Coprinus in the same location. It is concluded that the combination of the two techniques represents a very promising approach to the decontamination of metal polluted soils that nowrequires validation in field conditions.     

凤眼莲对富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮释放N2O的影响

以往有关大型水生漂浮植物消减富营养化水体氮(N)的研究主要侧重于植物对N的吸收效果,而忽略了硝化、反硝化反应途径对水体脱氮的贡献.基于此,本研究中借助具创新性的收集凤眼莲种植水体释放N₂O的装置和方法,通过模拟实验研究了凤眼莲对富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮中间产物N₂O的影响.结果表明,凤眼莲可以促进富营养化水体的硝化、反硝化、成对硝化-反硝化反应过程,在本实验条件下凤眼莲种植水体在整个培养期内释放的N₂O气体浓度累积升高幅度较大,为453~4055 nL·L^-1(未加硝化抑制剂处理),通过释放N₂O而脱除氮素的量占整个水体N消减量的1.36%,为相应未种植凤眼莲水体的4.31倍.种植凤眼莲水体试验期间释放N₂O-N的量与水体氨态氮或硝态氮浓度的变化量均存在显著相关关系(p<0.05),说明N₂O释放量受到水体中NH₄⁺、NO₃^-浓度变化的影响.种植凤眼莲在实验中后期可以增加水体中硝化、反硝化细菌的数量,但其数量远低于凤眼莲根系附着的硝化反硝化细菌.水体中反硝化细菌数量与水体释放N₂O浓度之间并无显著相关性,说明种植凤眼莲水体反硝化脱氮释放N₂O过程可能主要是由根系共生微生物驱动的.     

Growth and metal uptake of energy sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in different metal mine tailings with soil amendments

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of growing energy sugarcane(Saccharum spp.) in three different metal mine tailings(Cu, Sn and Pb/Zn tailings) amended with uncontaminated soil at different mixing ratios. The results indicated that sugarcane was highly tolerant to tailing environments. Amendments of 20% soil to Sn tailings and 30% soil to Cu tailings could increase the biomass of cane-stem for use as the raw material for bioethanol production. Heavy metals were mostly retained in roots, which indicated that sugarcane was useful for the stabilization of the tailings. Bagasse and juice, as the most valuable parts to produce bioethanol, only accounted for 0.6%– 3% and 0.6%–7% of the total metal content. Our study supported the potential use of sugarcane for tailing phytostabilization and bioenergy production.     

污染河流生态修复研究现状与进展

随着工农业的迅速发展,大量的生活生产污水排入河流,造成河流严重污染.污染河流的治理已引起人们的广泛关注,生态修复作为一种比较新颖的河道冶理方法,有很好的应用前景.目前主要的生态修复方法有:(1)物理方法:底泥疏浚、机械除藻;(2)化学方法:化学除藻、絮凝沉淀;(3)生物-生态技术:河道曝气、土地处理技术、生态疏浚、生态...     

铬铜镍在芦竹中的富集与分布

研究芦竹(Arundo donax Linn)在Cr、Cu、Ni污染湿地中的富集能力以及三种重金属在植株中的分布情况。结果表明:生长期8个月后,芦竹在20.4和55.0mg/kgCr污染湿地中,对Cr的富集量:根13.86mg/kg(DW)和15.29mg/kg(DW);茎1.37mg/kg(DW)和3.59 mg/kg(DW);叶6.37mg/kg(DW)和8.22mg/kg(DW)。在51.3和105mg/kgCu污染湿地中,对Cu的富集量:根35.6mg/kg(DW)和44.1mg/kg(DW);茎3.30mg/kg(DW)和4.14mg/kg(DW);叶6.75mg/kg(DW)和8.86mg/kg(DW)。在61.0和103.0mg/kgNi污染湿地中,对Ni的富集量:根20.37mg/kg(DW)和26.74mg/kg(DW);茎11.86mg/kg(DW)和13.03mg/kg(DW);叶12.2mg/kg(DW)和15.77mg/kg(DW)。三种金属在植株中的分布情况很相似,都是根>叶>茎,生物富集系数(Bioconcentration factor)均<1。可以认为芦竹对这三种重金属能富集,但不具备超富集植物的特征。     

EDTA在植物修复复合污染河道疏浚底泥中的调控作用

通过温室盆栽试验,在黑麦草修复重金属(Zn,Pb,Cu,Cd,Ni)-有机物复合污染的城市排污河道疏浚底泥的过程中投加3mmol·kg^-1EDTA(分1次、2次、3次投加),研究了对黑麦草生长及重金属积累、底泥特性和TOC的影响.结果表明,投加EDTA:①增加了黑麦草体内积累的重金属数量,其中分3次投加的效果最为显著,Pb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cd在地上部分的积累量分别较对照增加了2.74、1.99、1.59、1.55和7.78倍;分3次投加明显降低了黑麦草的叶绿素含量,1次投加叶绿素含量没有明显变化.②对底泥的pH没有明显的影响,但显著增加了底泥中NH₄OAc提取态和DTPA提取态的重金属量.③底泥大颗粒体积百分比变大;其中分3次投加底泥颗粒体均粒径增大、比表面积减小、晶格强度减小,有助于底泥颗粒释放吸附的重金属.④提高了底泥中微生物的数量,其中分2次、3次投加,微生物数量是对照试验的1.33和1.47倍;明显降低了底泥的脲酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性的影响不明显.⑤增加了底泥的TOC含量.     

锰超富集植物种质资源及耐性机制研究进展

工矿业引起的土壤和水体锰污染问题正引起人们的重视,利用超富集植物清除土壤和水体环境中的重金属和类金属污染的植物修复技术因其潜在的高效、廉价及环境友好性获得政府和企业的广泛关注.超富集植物是植物修复的基础.文章对国内外文献报道的重金属和类金属超富集植物种质资源进行了分类整理,迄今发现超富集植物492种,但绝大多数属于镍超...