Incorporating the Effects of Socioeconomic Uncertainty into Priority Setting for Conservation Investment

Abstract:  Uncertainty in the implementation and outcomes of conservation actions that is not accounted for leaves conservation plans vulnerable to potential changes in future conditions. We used a decision-theoretic approach to investigate the effects of two types of investment uncertainty on the optimal allocation of global conservation resources for land acquisition in the Mediterranean Basin. We considered uncertainty about (1) whether investment will continue and (2) whether the acquired biodiversity assets are secure, which we termed transaction uncertainty and performance uncertainty, respectively. We also developed and tested the robustness of different rules of thumb for guiding the allocation of conservation resources when these sources of uncertainty exist. In the presence of uncertainty in future investment ability (transaction uncertainty), the optimal strategy was opportunistic, meaning the investment priority should be to act where uncertainty is highest while investment remains possible. When there was a probability that investments would fail (performance uncertainty), the optimal solution became a complex trade-off between the immediate biodiversity benefits of acting in a region and the perceived longevity of the investment. In general, regions were prioritized for investment when they had the greatest performance certainty, even if an alternative region was highly threatened or had higher biodiversity value. The improved performance of rules of thumb when accounting for uncertainty highlights the importance of explicitly incorporating sources of investment uncertainty and evaluating potential conservation investments in the context of their likely long-term success.     

完善土地利用总体规划有利于政府宏观管理

在社会主义市场经济体制的建立与发展的条件下,土地使用制度改革的日益深化,以及土地可持续利用日益被高度重视的新形势下,土地利用总体规划作为政府对土地利用实行宏观调控的有效手段,在规划修编时必须重点对规划目标、科学测算、用地平衡和规划协调等几个方面作进一步深入研究。同时,要通过切实可行的法律、行政的政策和措施,予以必要保障。     

总量控制费用分摊的多目标规划模型及解法

文章指出了污染物总量控制规划中公平合理分摊优化治理投资费用的重要性，分析了现有的优化治理投资费用分摊方法存在的问题，建立了公平合理分摊优化治理投资费用的多目标规划模型，提出用最短距离理想点法加以求解，并通过实例验证了该方法的合理性。结果表明该模型及解法既可以保证总量控制规划方案的社会整体效益最大，又不失公平，从而确保总量控制规划方案的顺利实施。     

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｅｔｌａｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｅｓｔｂｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｒｅａｓｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈ .Ｂｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｆｏｕｒｌｅｖｅｌｓ:ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔｙｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ .Ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｃｅｒｔａｉｎａｎｇｌｅｓ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｄｉｖｅｒ…     

抚顺市环境噪声现状及控制对策

本文以抚顺市1996年2005年的噪声监测资料为依据，分析了抚顺市的环境噪声污染现状、特征，指出存在的主要问题是：社会生活噪声突出、交通噪声污染显著。并据此探索合理的防治措施——噪声控制规划纳入城市发展规划及强化城市环境噪声管理。     

南亚国际河流及其水资源开发

本文全面介绍了南亚地区的主要国际河流,印度河、恒河和布拉马普特拉河水资源开发的地理和历史背景。详细评述了印度河用水争端的来龙去脉和印度河条约的谈判和签署过程,以及印度与巴基斯坦和孟加拉在分享印度河和恒河水资源问题上的立场,笔者还分析了南亚国际河流水资源开发的现状,提出了流域综合开发,以合理利用水资源的建议。 文章中,笔者简要介绍了国际法律界经常采用的水资源分享的理论和学说。     

规划环评和区域开发环评的比较研究

对区域开发环境影响评价与规划环境影响评价进行了比较研究,指出当前区域开发环评中存在的问题,并提出若干建议。     

内蒙古地区矿区总体规划开展生物多样性评价的情况和建议

通过整理分析内蒙古矿区总体规划环评,分析生物多样性现状评价情况,提出发展内蒙古矿区规划环评巾生物多样性评价的几点建议。