污水灌溉对水稻生长影响的模拟

本文根据各工厂污水排入大通河的负荷量，作污灌模拟试验。试验证明：１．各工厂排污所含有机物质超过一定量便对水稻生长及产量产生严重影响；２．用大通河水灌溉，也会影响水稻的生长及产量。这说明大通河水已受到各工厂污染物的严重污染。     

On interacting bee/mite populations: a stochastic model with analysis using cumulant truncation

Parasitism by the Varroa mite has had recent drastic impact on both managed and feral bee colonies. This paper proposes a stochastic population dynamics model for interacting African bee colony and Varroa mite populations. Cumulant truncation procedures are used to obtain approximate transient cumulant functions, unconstrained by the usual assumption of bivariate Normality, for an assumed large-scale model. The apparent size of the variance and skewness functions suggest the importance of the proposed truncation procedure which retains some higher-order cumulants, but determining the accuracy of the approximations is problematical. A smaller-scale bee/Varroa mite model is hence proposed and investigated. The accuracy for the means is exceptional, for the second-order cumulants is moderate, and for some third-order cumulants is poor. Notwithstanding the poor accuracy of a skewness approximation, the saddlepoint approximations for the marginal transient population size distributions are excellent. The cumulant truncation methodology is very general, and research is continuing in its application to this new class of host-parasite models.     

马拉巴栗净化室内空气中甲醛的研究

采用观赏性植物马拉巴栗(也称发财树,Pachira aquatica)进行甲醛去除试验,在模拟箱内通过甲醛分析仪研究甲醛质量浓度随时间的变化规律。结果表明,当模拟箱(1.25m×1.25m×1.25m)内甲醛初始质量浓度分别为0.24mg·m-3、0.40mg·m-3和0.53mg·m-3时,分别经过10h、14h和11h后甲醛的去除效率可以达到100%。在空白箱子及放植物的箱子内壁及植物叶片上喷洒1%的二氧化钛(TiO2)溶胶后,二者分别经过12h和10h后降低为零。试验证明,马拉巴栗对甲醛具有良好的吸收降解效果。     

不同氮浓度下三角褐指藻生长特性和化学组成

三角褐指藻是一类海洋单细胞硅藻,富含多不饱和脂肪酸,可以作为鱼、虾、贝等理想的饵料。而近年该藻曾多次在我国沿海海域发生暴发性增殖,给当地生态环境带来了一定的影响。为了探讨不同氮浓度对三角褐指藻生长特性和化学组成的影响,设置了低氮(44 μ mol.L-1)、中氮(880 μmol.L-1)和高氮(4 400 μmol.L-1)浓度三种处理,着重测定三角褐指藻的细胞密度、比生长率、生物量、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量等指标。结果表明,高氮浓度明显地促进了藻细胞的生长繁殖。高氮浓度下的藻细胞密度、比生长率和生物量分别比低氮浓度下的提高了 5.38 倍、0.81 倍和 2.86 倍。藻生长前期,高氮浓度和中氮浓度下的生长曲线相似,呈现一个"S"型的曲线。另外,高氮浓度下的藻细胞可溶性糖、蛋白质和叶绿素a含量分别是低氮浓度下的 2.5 倍、1.5 倍和 15 倍,说明高氮浓度促进了藻细胞化学组成的转化和积累。结果揭示,氮浓度可能是导致三角褐指藻近年在我国沿海海域发生暴发性增殖的重要因素。     

糖尿病小型猪心肌、肝脏组织结构变化和心肌VEGF表达

以探讨高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料诱发的糖尿病广西巴马小型猪心肌和肝脏组织结构变化、肝糖原分解和心肌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达情况为目的.通过3月龄雄性广西巴马小型猪10只,随机分2组,5只饲以基础饲料为CD组;5只饲以高糖高脂饲料为HFSCD组,饲养时间5个月.每月末从禁食过夜的小型猪眶静脉窦抽取血样,葡萄糖氧化酶法检测空腹血糖(Glucose);GPO-PAP酶法测定血浆甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG);放射免疫法测血浆胰岛素.第5个月末股动脉放血处死小型猪,取1小块心肌和肝脏组织,固定于10%中性甲醛固定液,常规石蜡包埋、切片、制片后用光学显微镜进行观察的方法.结果HFSCD组血糖、甘油三酯和胰岛素水平升高.与CD组比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05).从肝脏病理切片观察所见,HFSCD组肝脏肝细胞索排列紊乱,肝细胞肿胀呈气球样变,亦可见肝细胞萎缩、坏死,脂肪变性明显,肝小叶间有单个核细胞浸润,肝糖原极少或消失.心肌组织中VEGF的蛋白表达显著增加,且表达范围广泛.得出高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料诱发的糖尿病广西巴马小型猪肝脏和心肌组织结构改变,肝糖原减少,心肌VEGF蛋白表达增加的结论.图5,参13.     

华南地区薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物的空间差异研究

外来入侵植物薇甘菊对华南地区的生态环境造成严重危害,为探讨薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物在华南地区的空间差异,运用GC-MS分析了华南地区23个不同地理种群230个薇甘菊植株叶片挥发性有机化合物的组分,并用峰面积归一化法计算各组分相对含量;利用线性混合模型分析不同地理种群的气候环境因素对薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物含量的影响;采用聚类分析和主成分分析23个不同地理种群薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物组分的特征。结果表明:利用GC-MS从薇甘菊叶片中鉴定了42种挥发性有机化合物,其主要成分为β-荜澄茄油烯(24.63%)、β-石竹烯(16.81%)、大香叶烯D(10.47%)、α-古芸烯(9.95%)和α-姜烯(9.77%);线性混合模型分析结果显示经度、纬度、海拔高度和温度可显著影响薇甘菊叶片中5种主要挥发性有机化合物的含量;聚类分析和主成分分析表明薇甘菊叶片挥发性有机化合物组分表现出较强的地域特征。研究结果可为阐明薇甘菊的入侵机制及防控措施的制定提供理论与实践参考。     

Using Demographic Invariants to Detect Overharvested Bird Populations from Incomplete Data

Abstract:  Conservation biology must be able to provide guidelines even when available data are incomplete, because data on rare and endangered species are usually limited. For instance, data on the effect of additional—human-induced—sources of mortality on vertebrate populations, such as bycatch of seabirds by longline fisheries, are typically incomplete. The importance of an additional source of mortality can be evaluated by comparing it with the maximum annual growth rate of the species of concern, and various authors have attempted to determine the maximum growth rate from incomplete data. We developed a procedure we call the "demographic invariant method" (DIM). First we determined that the maximum growth rate per generation does not vary, by recalling that it is a dimensionless number primarily independent of body weight and also by empirically establishing its near constancy over a restricted set of bird species for which reliable demographic information was available. This first step provided an implicit function linking generation time and maximum annual growth rate, from which we obtained the maximum annual growth rate as a simple function of generation time. From several different ways of obtaining estimates of generation time, we derived in turn several ways to estimate the maximum annual growth rate of a bird species from incomplete demographic data set. We applied our approach to the Black-footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and determined from incomplete data that longline fishery bycatch has a biologically significant impact on the growth potential of Black-footed Albatross populations. Our method can be applied broadly to the conservation and management of harvested bird populations.     

酸性土壤改良对不同种源的柚木生长的影响

在强酸性土壤上，柚木不能正常生长；用石灰、有机肥和复合肥改良土壤后．树木生长正常，但如不继续追肥．生长将显著下降；7794、8508号种源的柚木在改良后的土壤上生长最好；7794．8508和3054号种源的柚木表现出对酸性土壤有一定的抗性；来自同一种源的个体之间存在着显著的生长差异．     

土壤中酞酸酯(PAEs)对丛枝菌根化植物生长的影响

以豇豆 (Vignaunguiculata )为供试植物 ,分别接种AM真菌Acaulosporalavis(光壁无梗球囊霉 ,菌号 :3 4)和Glomuscaledonium (苏格兰球囊霉 ,菌号 :90 0 3 6) ,通过温室盆栽试验 ,观察 2、10和 5 0mg·kg-1DEHP和DBP对菌根化植物生长的影响。试验结果表明 ,土壤添加DEHP和DBP后 ,植物地上和地下部分干重均有不同程度下降 ,高浓度DEHP和DBP还使植物叶绿素a和b的含量及根瘤数降低 ,接种AM真菌后明显促进了植物的生长 ,尤其对植物早期地下部分和植物后期地上部分的促进作用较为明显 ;同时 ,也增加了植物叶绿素a和b的含量及根瘤数     

立柱无土栽培研究初报

立柱无土栽培研究初报龚颂福，李止正（中国科学院上海植物生理研究所上海２０００３２）关键词立柱无土栽培；蔬菜；花卉ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＯＩＬＬＥＳＳＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＳＯＮＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＣＯＬＵＭＮＳ￥ＧｏｎｇＳｏｎｇｆｕａｎｄＬｉＺｈｉｓｈｅｎｇ...