流动电流沿水厂工艺的变化研究

在水厂现场,以流动电流为主线对净水工艺进行了分析。结果显示,流动电流对混凝和滤床过滤的运行工况有类似的决定作用,加药混合之后胶体颗粒的流动电流值不再随后续工艺而有大的变化,因此投加混凝剂保持混凝单元操作的最佳状况,也有利于过滤单元的运行。     

火电机组湿法石灰石-石膏烟气脱硫成本与综合效益分析

选择单机为300、600、1000MW的火电机组,分别分析了含硫量在0．5％～3．00％范围内,火电机组脱硫成本的变化情况;并以单机300MW火电机组为例分析了给火电机组脱硫后产生的经济效益,最后简单探讨了电力行业烟气脱硫带来的环境效益。结果表明：对于同一火电机组,随着煤炭含硫量的增加,其脱硫成本呈下降趋势;当煤炭合硫量相同时,火电装机容量越大,其脱硫成本越小;而且火电机组脱硫后每年获得净利润远大于其脱硫成本,同时能够产生较大的环境效益。     

双旋喷雾除尘工艺治理选煤厂粉尘实践

粉尘问题是影响选煤厂高效安全洁净生产的重要问题。分析了粉尘产生和扩散的原因,根据选煤厂的实际采用密闭抑尘与双旋喷雾除尘相结合工艺治理粉尘污染。该工艺系统简单,运行可靠,投资少有较好的应用前景。     

白音锡勒牧场草原植物群落的数量分析

采用双向指示种分析（Two—Way Indicator Species Analysis,TWINSPAN）和无趋势对应分析（Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA）技术,对白音锡勒牧场2004年和2005年的48个样点的草原植物群落调查数据进行分析。结果表明：1．TWINSAN分类与DCA排序具有高度的一致性,吻合度达83％,输出结果准确可信;2．研究区域有草甸草原和典型草原两种草原类型,其中在典型草原内可划分为五个植物群落类型,即1）大针茅（Stipa grandis）＋羊草（Leymus chinensis）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）群落;2）克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋冰草（Agropyron cirstatum）群落;3）冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋大针茅（Stipa grandis）群落;4）糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋一、二年生植物（annual—biennial）群落;5）星毛委陵菜（Potentilla tanacetifolia）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋一、二年生植物（annual-biennial）群落,这五个植物群落类型反映了典型草原植物群落退化演替序列;3．研究区不同植物群落类型的物种数量、生态种组类型等不同。冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋大针茅（Stipa grandis）群落为研究区植物群落退化演替中的中度退化阶段,物种数量最多,生态种组类型最多,样点间差异较大。     

院校污水处理厂运行的特殊问题及应对措施

根据院校排水情况及运行管理特点,分析了院校污水处理厂在运行过程中存在进水营养物浓度偏低、寒暑假期间的运行维护、寒暑假期结束后污水厂的快速启动以及污泥处理四个方面的特殊问题。并结合具体院校污水处理厂运行实例,从设计、调试和运行管理等方面对以上四个方面的问题提出了具体的应对措施,如投入外加营养物以及调节曝气量的大小可以应对进水营养物浓度偏低的问题;在设计上根据调节池可容纳的污水量来确定污水厂主要构筑物假期关闭的时间;在寒暑假结束前的15天左右就要开始污水厂启动工作;提出两种针对小型生活污水处理厂污泥处理的方法等。     

火电厂节水及废水“零排放”系统综述

随着水资源日益紧缺和环保要求的严格,为保证电力工业快速和健康发展,节水势在必行。作为工业行业的耗水大户-火电厂,必须提高水资源的重复使用率和节约用水,才能有效地实施火电厂废水“零排放”。本文介绍了火电厂废水“零排放”应用现状,概述了火电厂废水“零排放”实现的措施以及确保火电厂废水“零排放”的有效方法。     

Postautotomy tail activity in the Balearic lizard, Podarcis lilfordi

Caudal autotomy is an effective antipredator strategy widespread among lizards. The shed tail thrashes vigorously for long periods to distract the predator and facilitate the lizard's escape. This movement is maintained by energy supplied by the anaerobic conversion of glycogen into lactate. It has been suggested that lactate accumulation serves as an index for the vigor of tail thrashing. We made three predictions: (1) tail loss frequency should be higher under heavier predation regime, (2) the duration of postautotomy tail movement should be extended in populations under heavy predation pressure as an adaptation to the higher risk and the increased need for defense, and (3) as result, lactate in these tail tissues should be concentrated at higher levels. To eliminate the impact of phylogeny and environmental factors on the interpretation of our result, we focused exclusively on one species, the Balearic lizard (Podarcis lilfordi). We studied three populations under different predation pressure but sharing the same climatic conditions. We found no differences among the studied populations either in postautotomy duration of tail movement or in levels of final lactate accumulation while autotomy frequency was higher where predation pressure was more intense. Tail loss effectiveness is directly influenced by the level of predation, while secondary features of the trait appear to remain independent from the impact of environment.     

Decompression syndrome and the evolution of deep diving physiology in the Cetacea

Whales repetitively dive deep to feed and should be susceptible to decompression syndrome, though they are not known to suffer the associated pathologies. Avascular osteonecrosis has been recognized as an indicator of diving habits of extinct marine amniotes. Vertebrae of 331 individual modern and 996 fossil whales were subjected to macroscopic and radiographic examination. Avascular osteonecrosis was found in the Oligocene basal odontocetes (Xenorophoidea) and in geologically younger mysticetes, such as Aglaocetus [a sister taxon to Balaenopteridae + (Balaenidae + Eschrichtiidae) clade]. These are considered as early "experiments" in repetitive deep diving, indicating that they independently converged on their similar specialized diving physiologies.     

城镇污水处理厂进、出水COD浓度变化规律分析

通过对某城镇污水处理厂进出水COD浓度进行手工与在线仪器24小时的对比监测,利用该厂在线监测数据,分析了城镇污水处理厂进出水COD浓度的日、周变化规律以及进水浓度与降水量的变化关系,明确了样品的代表性,为COD总量减排和环境管理提供了技术参考。     

污水处理厂检测数据统计分析的研究

污水处理厂在管理方面积累了很多宝贵的经验,但还有一些有待提高的地方。尤其是在数据处理方面还没有认识到其重要性,给工艺管理带来了很多不利的因素。从实际运行管理需要出发,结合某污水处理厂实例,利用EXCEL和统计学知识,探讨了检测数据统计分析在污水处理厂中的应用,解决数据处理的问题,提高工艺管理水平,并取得了较好的效果。