上海市城乡梯度上土壤重金属空间分布及其影响因素定量分析

提出了两种上海市城乡梯度上土壤重金属空间格局及影响因素的研究方法:缓冲区分析方法和滑动窗口分析方法.缓冲区分析的结果表明,人口变化指数及2~3 km范围内的建设用地比例能显著影响Cd和Cu的空间分布(p0.05),而3 km范围内的道路密度显著影响Pb的浓度.滑动窗口分析的结果表明,Cd和Cu主要受工业活动的影响,而Pb受交通流量,以及反映城市景观扩张过程的景观形状指数的影响.相关分析表明,两种方式揭示了较为相似的土壤重金属空间累积影响因素,即工业活动相关的城市化过程.研究对理解城市化的发生机制及其重金属环境风险的管理有重要意义.     

工业类棕地再生特征初探——兼论美国煤气厂公园污染治理过程

中国目前面临着前所未有的大规模城镇化进程与产业升级,大量传统工业企业搬迁或改制,工业类棕地大面积暴露。在空间特征上,工业类棕地的场地地形基本平坦,最显著的空间元素为大型的工业建筑遗产。在污染特征上,此类棕地的污染以土壤污染与地下水污染为主,隐蔽性强、潜伏期长,项目周期长且具有不确定性。著名的美国西雅图市煤气厂公园经历了长达半个多世纪、几轮的环境勘测与污染治理过程,至今场地中仍然可能残存有污染物质,充分体现了工业类棕地的上述特征。     

Land use dynamics and soil quality in agro-forest systems: a country-scale assessment in Italy

The present study compares the spatial distribution of selected rural land use classes in Italy with two soil indicators (a Soil Quality Index [SQI] and the Maximum potential Water Capacity of the soil [MWC]) at three points in time (1960, 1990 and 2006). Results of the analysis showed that landscape changes reflect a ‘migration’ of both semi-natural (forests, pastures) and agricultural (arable land, vineyards) uses towards areas with lower-quality soils. In particular, the agricultural ‘mosaic’ and shrubland-pasture classes that occupied land in 2006 had significant lower values of both the SQI and MWC compared to 1960. These processes may have implications for the stability of agro-forest ecosystems in the medium term. Due to its versatility, the procedure illustrated represents a monitoring tool for sustainable land management at the regional and country scales.     

Perceived landscape values and public participation in a road-planning process – a case study in Sweden

The European Landscape Convention indicates that assessment of different dimensions that exist in landscapes should be taken into account in planning. In this study, we first investigated ecological, cultural and social values as perceived by the local people in a highway-planning process in Sweden. Next, we explored which factors influenced the local people's participation in the road-planning process. We used questionnaires, planning documents and the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relations between different factors and local people's participation in the planning process. The results showed that people presumed the ecological values in the landscape to be adversely affected by the new road, while the social values would remain the same. Landowners had heard of the participatory-process, but few participated. Those who lived within 300 m of the road were more active in the planning process than people living further away. The findings suggest that people living within a few hundred metres of the road should be treated as key stakeholders in the planning process. The involvement of other stakeholders, and when in the public participation process stakeholders should be involved, is also discussed.     

咸阳市地铁建设对城市环境景观的影响分析研究

针对咸阳市地铁建设对城市环境景观的影响分析,主要介绍了地铁线路的建设,主要包括地铁一号线3期工程和地铁十一号线,探讨了咸阳市地铁建设施工期对城市环境景观的影响,主要有对城市大气环境造成污染、给城市环境带来噪音与振动污染、对城市水土流失和地下水污染和对地铁施工和城市建设,最后对咸阳市的地铁运营期对城市环境景观的影响进行了介绍,主要包括改善城市交通状况,集约城市空间,优化城市结构;节约土地资源与减少能源消耗和改善城市环境质量.     

基于雨水的南方丘陵城市环境景观基础设施网络研究

针对雨水的南方丘陵城市环境景观基础设施网络问题,以雨水排泄和汇集为导向,以GIS为分析工具,计算出雨水汇集点和排泄路径的适宜性分析图,结合城市内现有环境,如公园、广场、废弃地、绿地等用地选择环境景观基础设施节点,根据现有城市用地布局、水系、道路系统,具体计算出这些环境景观设施廊道,构建一个多功能景观基础设施网络体系,在一定程度上缓解环境雨水内涝问题,同时又能改善城市景观环境,促进城市环境景观基础设施与城市环境基础设施的融合.     

乡村湿地景观的设计研究

随着社会经济的发展,中国农村面貌发生了巨大变化.以宁夏泾源县上胭村湿地工程设计方案为例,依据水生态治理与景观提升相结合、提高区域水源涵养能力的设计理念,探讨乡村湿地景观设计的原则、水土保持与景观设计的关系和融合地域特征的景观设计的必要性.并由此认识到在水土保持工程设计中融入风景园林内容,将小河道生态景观重建与整治设计相结合,可有效提升水土保持生态建设层次.     

无机型城市景观水体表观污染的悬浮颗粒物粒度分布特征:以中国运河苏州段为例

基于悬浮颗粒物粒度分布特性能为水环境表观质量研究提供重要信息,以流经苏州市市内运河水为研究对象,探讨无机型城市景观水体中不同表观污染程度下水中悬浮颗粒物的粒度分布特性及其影响因素,从悬浮颗粒物的粒径角度来解释无机型景观水体表观污染机制.结果表明,无机型水中悬浮颗粒物以单峰分布为主,中值粒径范围13~25.2μm,组分Ⅱ(粒级3.8~16μm)是优势组分,体积分数范围29.4%~59.6%;水体表观污染的敏感组分为组分Ⅱ(粒级3.8~16μm)和组分Ⅳ(粒级32~64μm),表观污染指数(SPI)与组分Ⅱ和组分Ⅳ体积分数关系具有分段性,分段节点是浊度为45NTU处,浊度小于45NTU时,SPI值与组分Ⅱ体积分数呈显著正相关,与组分Ⅳ体积分数呈显著负相关;当浊度大于或等于45NTU时关系相反.影响苏州运河水粒径分布的因素主要是生物因子和水动力条件,生物因子的作用主要表现为藻类的增加,水动力条件的作用是使水体发生再悬浮,导致水中大颗粒物质的增加.     

Managing abandoned farmland to control the impact of re-vegetation on the environment. The state of the art in Europe

Background and aimsIn the last decades, large areas undergo a revegetation process as a result of land abandonment, producing significant environmental and landscape impacts. In this paper, revegetation impacts are identified. We present the solutions proposed by scientists to control the negative impacts of revegetation, from a literature review from studies carried out in Europe.ResultsSome scientists suggest letting the revegetation process continued to contribute to the naturalisation of the landscape, reduce soil erosion, increase carbon sequestration and encourage recreational use of the territory. Other scientists, however, suggest the need to control the revegetation processes and retrieve abandoned land with productive purposes (extensive livestock and leisure), environmental objectives (reduction of fires and increasing biodiversity) and preserve cultural landscapes.ConclusionThe scrubland clearing and extensive livestock is an appropriate strategy to manage abandoned lands, combining environmental, landscape and socio-economic benefits.     

Range-Wide Selection of Catchments for Pacific Salmon Conservation

Abstract:  Freshwater ecosystems are declining in quality globally, but a lack of data inhibits identification of areas valuable for conservation across national borders. We developed a biological measure of conservation value for six species of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in catchments of the northern Pacific across Canada, China, Japan, Russia, and the United States. We based the measure on abundance and life-history richness and a model-based method that filled data gaps. Catchments with high conservation value ranged from California to northern Russia and included catchments in regions that are strongly affected by human development (e.g., Puget Sound). Catchments with high conservation value were less affected by agriculture and dams than other catchments, although only 1% were within biodiversity reserves. Our set of high-value areas was largely insensitive to simulated error, although classification remained uncertain for 3% of catchments. Although salmon face many threats, we propose they will be most likely to exhibit resilience into the future if a complementary mosaic of conservation strategies can be proactively adopted in catchments with healthy salmon populations. Our analysis provides an initial map of where these catchments are likely to be located.