交通景观影响评价方法--以金沙江溪洛渡水电站对外交通公路为例

应用景观生态学的原理，对交通工程景观影响进行了分析。文中以金沙江溪洛渡水电站对外交通公路为例，对景观影响进行了评价。探讨了交通工程(公路、铁路)的景观影响评价程序、步骤和方法。     

居住区单元景观质量的分析方法

随着房地产楼盘品质的提高,景观质量日益受到重视。分析住宅小区不同位置住宅单元的景观特点,对于掌握住宅单元的品质,确定合适定价策略有着重要意义。根据景观生态学理论,设计了表示住宅单元景观特点的指数。应用景观生态学的景观格局分析方法与虚拟现实技术的可视域分析方法,提出了对住宅单元可视景观特点进行定量分析方案。对典型住宅小区多个住宅单元的可视景观特点进行了模拟计算,计算结果较好地反映了实际的景观特点,从而为住宅单元景观质量定量评估提供了技术可能性。     

自然保护区学研究与景观生态学基本理论

本文尝试把景观生态学思想融于自然保护区理论中，较系统地论述了以景观结构与功能原理、景观异质性理论、景观格局理论、等级—尺度理论、干扰学说、生物多样性原理以及景观稳定性理论等景观生态学的基本理论为基础的自然保护区学的研究     

中国乡村城市化过程中的景观生态学问题与对策研究

城市和乡村的发展共同构成了社会-经济-自然复合生态系统的可持续发展,然而长期以来,重城市轻乡村的发展思想导致了城乡二元结构矛盾不断尖锐。随着经济的高速发展和加入WTO后的国际化冲击,未来的10~20年间,中国将进入一个乡村城市化快速发展的时期,这将使得中国本来紧张的人地关系变得更加严重,资源消耗与环境污染问题日益突出,乡村发展将面临更大的挑战,同时也将是中国乡村发展的重要契机。本文依据景观生态学原理与方法,通过研究乡村城市化进程中乡村景观的组合、结构、功能以及变化中存在的问题,提出了城乡协调、全盘布局和保留自身特色等相应的生态规划治理措施和对策,尽可能使乡村景观格局呈现多样性、异质性,并在功能上表现出稳定性和连续性,最终实现城乡景观和谐发展的局面。     

论水生观赏植物的造景艺术

水生观赏植物是水体绿化、美化和净化不可缺少的材料,也是园林水景的主要构景要素.在园林水景中,利用水生观赏植物洒脱的姿形、优美的线条、绚丽的色彩及水生观赏植物的生态作用、水生观赏植物的意境美,通过艺术构图和造景手法,创作出一幅幅具有诗情画意、环境优雅的园林景观.从水生观赏植物造景概述、环境因子与水生植物的景观效果及水生观赏植物的造景艺术与手法,论述水生观赏植物的造景功能及其在园林中的应用.     

Evidence of an Edge Effect on Avian Nest Success

Abstract:  Habitat fragmentation may modify ecological patterns by increasing the importance of edge effects, including elevating rates of predation on avian nests. Conventional wisdom suggests an increased rate of predation along habitat edges, and previous reviews support this view. These reviews did not apply recent statistical approaches, however, and some were based on a small number of studies. In our meta-analysis of 64 nest-predation experiments, our results supported prior reviews of the general pattern of increased nest predation along habitat edges (  p < 0.01). We separated studies into ecologically relevant categories and found the following patterns: (1) Edge effects were more pronounced in North America and northwestern Europe than in central Europe or Central America. This result may be biased, however, by the different habitats studied in the regions. (2) Marshes and deciduous forests had significant edge effects, whereas edge effects were not apparent in coniferous forests, tropical forests, or fields. (3) Ground and natural nest studies were more likely to exhibit edge effects. (4) Edge effects were detected in studies that used quail eggs and real eggs. (5) Edge effects were not significant when artificial nests were exposed for typical incubation periods, but were significant for shorter exposures. Three alternative hypotheses may explain increased nest predation along edges. The edge-effects hypothesis states that increased nest losses along edges are the result of the habitat discontinuity. The landscape-structure hypothesis states that more fragmented landscapes are more heavily depredated by nest predators. The human-disturbance hypothesis states that near anthropogenic edges increased nest predation is related to human activities. Nest-predation experiments should be placed in a landscape context to reveal differences between the hypotheses.     

Importance of Reserve Size and Landscape Context to Urban Bird Conservation

Abstract:  We tested whether reserve size, landscape surrounding the reserve, and their interaction affect forest songbirds in the metropolitan area of Seattle, Washington (U.S.A.), by studying 29 reserves of varying size (small, medium, large) and surrounding urbanization intensity (urban, suburban, exurban). Larger reserves contained richer and less even bird communities than smaller reserves. These size effects disappeared when we removed the positive correlation of shrub diversity with reserve size, suggesting that greater habitat diversity in large reserves supported additional species, some of which were rare. Standardizing the number of individuals detected among all reserve size classes reversed the effect of size on richness in exurban landscapes and reduced the magnitude of the effect in suburban or urban landscapes. The latter change suggested that richness increased with reserve size in most landscapes because larger areas also supported larger samples from the regional bird species pool. Most bird species associated with native forest habitat (native forest species) and with human activity (synanthropic species) were present in reserves larger than 42 ha and surrounded by >40% urban land cover, respectively. Thus, we recommend these thresholds as means for conserving the composition of native bird communities in this mostly forested region. Native forest species were least abundant and synanthropic species most abundant in urban landscapes, where exotic ground and shrub vegetation was most common. Therefore, control of exotic vegetation may benefit native songbird populations. Bird nests in shrubs were most dense in medium (suburban) and large reserves (urban) and tended to be most successful in medium (suburban) and large reserves (exurban), potentially supplying another mechanism by which reserve size increased retention of native forest species.     

绿化树种对大气SO2、铅复合污染的反应

依据植物对大气污染的反应方式来选择城市绿化树种是减轻大气污染物的重要途径和手段。通过观察污染地区绿化树种叶片的受害症状来判断植物对SO2、铅复合污染物的抗性程度，根据植物对SO2、铅复合污染物的反应特性划分植物对大气污染物的抗性等级，从而筛选出对SO2、铅复合污染物的抗性植物种类和敏感监测植物种类。研究结果表明：抗性树种有：花曲柳、桑树、皂角、山桃、黄檗、臭椿、紫丁香、忍冬、柽柳、桧柏、枸杞、水蜡、刺槐、色赤杨、加拿大杨、黄刺枚、玫瑰、白榆、茶条槭；敏感监测树种有：连翘、榆叶梅、锦带花、风箱果、云杉、油松、樟子松、山槐。     

扬州生态市建设中景观生态规划的应用

在扬州根据景观生态规划的原则，通过对自然、经济和社会条件的分析，形成市域范围内的生态敏感地区分布图，并提出相应的发展对策；在沿江地带，根据自然演变和经济发展，提出扬州沿江地带保护自然发展动力轴线、强化经济轴线的总体布局；根据城市发展目标和廊道建设情况，提出在中心城区沿润扬大桥北接线建设1km的环城绿色廊道，建设城市东西方向的3条绿色廊道和南北方向的两个楔形开放空间，同时沿主要的水网建设沿岸防护廊道，形成作为城市冷桥的绿色网络结构，把城市和郊区联系在一起，加强空气的流通并减轻、预防热岛效应和其他城市弊端。     

我国山地城镇的景观生态学探讨

应用景观生态学的理论，与平原城镇相比较，分析了山地条件下的山地城镇的景观生态特性：景观自然生境要素多，廊道体系不发达，景观要素布局松散，生态系统抗干扰能力差。按照地形条件和结构形态对山地城镇的景观结构类型进行了详细分类，总结了山地城镇的主要生态问题，为山地城镇的景观规划与设计提供参考。