中国工业固体废物产生量的预测及对策研究

以中国近几年来工业固体废物的产生量的统计数据为基础,应用灰色模型理论,建立工业固体废物产生量的GM（1,1）预测模型,预测到2015年中国工业固体废物产生量将达到3.3×10^9t;通过影响因素关联度分析,对工业固体废物产生量影响较大的因素是GDP,若是将GDP因素的影响考虑在内,到2015产生量将达到6.1×10^9t。预测结果表明今后中国工业固体废物增加速度很快,从而为环境管理提供了科学的依据。     

有关如何保障中国“限塑令”政策顺利实施的研究

国务院最近出台的“限塑令”一度引起社会各界的广泛关注,对于这一政策,公众各持观点,对此褒贬不一。通过在徐州地区的调查,并对调查的结果进行分析,提出了有可能影响“限塑令”顺利实施的四对主要矛盾。通过对这四对矛盾进行深入分析,得出了相关结论,并提出了五个有助于中国“限塑令”顺利实施的建议。     

甘肃省农业土壤邻苯二甲酸酯累积特征及来源分析

为了解甘肃省农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的组成及累积特征,采集了甘肃省4种农业土壤共41个土壤样品,利用气相色谱单四级杆质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了6种PAEs化合物含量.结果表明,甘肃省农业土壤中6种PAEs化合物,平均值为432.4 μg ·kg^-1,土壤中DMP、DEP、DnBP、DEHP和DNOP检出率为100%,BBP均未检出.甘肃省4种农业土壤PAEs平均值大小顺序依次为：温室>农田（露地）>森林>草原,参照美国土壤6种优控的PAEs控制标准,邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）超标率分别为94%、28%和27%,其余3种均未超标.不同农业土壤中的PAEs组成由于其来源不同而具有差异性,6种不同PAEs单体中DEHP和DnBP组分占比较高,是甘肃省农业土壤中PAEs的主要污染物.本研究中土壤PAEs、DEHP含量分别与农田地膜残留量呈显著的正相关关系（P <0.05）.总体上,甘肃省河西地区土壤PAEs含量明显高于陇东地区.     

农业生物质废弃物转化功能材料的研究进展

农业生物质废弃物的数量正在迅速增加,导致许多环境和治理问题. 因此,将农业生物质废弃物回收利用并增值应用越来越受到关注. 近些年农业生物质废弃物利用和衍生功能材料的研究进展主要包括以下两个方面：①提取天然聚合物并增值应用;②直接制备新型碳基材料,包括吸附、催化、储能电极和复合功能材料等. 农业生物质废弃物转化功能材料已逐步实现且应用范围广泛;未来的研究需要评估农业生物质废弃物衍生产品的质量和安全性,并开发高度可行且具有成本效益的生物质废弃物转化方法,以期实现规模化工业生产.     

A comprehensive waste collection cost model applied to post-consumer plastic packaging waste

Post-consumer plastic packaging waste (PPW) can be collected for recycling via source separation or post-separation. In source separation, households separate plastics from other waste before collection, whereas in post-separation waste is separated at a treatment centre after collection. There are also two collection schemes, either curb side or via drop-off locations. These different schemes have impact on total costs of collection at the municipal level. It can also influence the facility choices and network design. Therefore, a method which can compare costs of various collection schemes is needed.A comprehensive cost model was developed to compare costs of municipal collection schemes of PPW. The ‘municipal waste collection cost model’ is based on variables including fixed and variable costs per vehicle, personnel cost, container or bag costs as well as on emission costs (using imaginary carbon taxes). The model can be used for decision support when strategic changes to the collection scheme of municipalities are considered. The model takes into account the characteristics of municipalities, including urbanization degree and taxation schemes for household waste management.The model was applied to the Dutch case of post-consumer plastic packaging waste. Results showed that that in general post-separation collection has the lowest costs and curb side collection in urban municipalities without residual waste collection taxing schemes the highest. These results were supported by the conducted sensitivity analysis, which showed that higher source separation responses are negatively related to curb side collection costs. Greenhouse gas emission costs are a significant part of the total costs when collecting post-consumer plastic packaging waste due to the low density to weight ratio of the materials collect. These costs can amount to 15% of the total collection costs.     

加热方式对固体废物水分含量测定的影响研究

通过条件实验确定烘箱加热法的恒重条件,确定微波加热法、红外加热法和烘箱加热法测定固体废物水分含量的最佳样品称取量.采用3种方法的最佳条件分别测定了10余种不同类型的固体废物的水分含量,比较了3种方法的测定时间、精密度和测定值的差异性.结果表明:烘箱加热法的最佳恒重条件为前后2次测定差值不超过最终测定质量的±0.1％.烘...