Effects of herbicide stress on wheat cultivars from organic and conventional cropping systems

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings grown from seeds produced in “organic”; (non‐chemical) and “conventional”; cropping systems are characterized by a) similar rates of root and shoot growth, b) equal sensitivity to phytotoxicity by the herbicide glyphosate, and c) equivalent basal activity of the enzyme glutathione S‐transferase (both in the roots and in the shoots). In addition, treatment of these seedlings with glyphosate leads to significantly higher contents of this enzyme both in the shoots and in the roots. However, time‐course and dose‐response investigations indicate significant differences in the induction pattern of glutathione S‐transferase: the response of “conventional”; wheat seedlings takes place earlier and with higher efficiency, than that of the “organic”; ones.     

络合铁法脱除垃圾填埋气中的H2S

建立了以EDTA和柠檬酸为铁盐络合剂的循环脱硫体系,采用络合铁法对垃圾填埋气中的H2S进行脱硫中试实验,结果表明实验所建立的络合铁脱硫体系运行稳定,脱硫效率高,适合应用于垃圾填埋气中硫化氢脱除。     

BAF处理生活污水过程中同步去除H2S的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的过程中,以混和臭气的空气为气源,以掺入了陶粒和铁炭颗粒的复合填料为载体,研究了反应器的运行条件和参数,结果表明,以混合臭气的空气作为气源对污水处理过程的需氧量基本无影响。当反应器的进气量为40 L/h,进水容积负荷和进气H2S的浓度分别在0.3～1.6 kg COD/(m³·d)和0.8～2.3 mg/m³之间变化时,可以实现出气和出水中H₂S和COD分别小于0.04 mg/m³和90 mg/L,满足同时达标排放的要求。H₂S的同步去除可能是通过微生物的氧化分解和形成FeS沉淀来实现的。     

络合铁法脱除垃圾填埋气中的H_2S

建立了以EDTA和柠檬酸为铁盐络合剂的循环脱硫体系,采用络合铁法对垃圾填埋气中的H2S进行脱硫中试实验,结果表明实验所建立的络合铁脱硫体系运行稳定,脱硫效率高,适合应用于垃圾填埋气中硫化氢脱除.     

一株高效脱硫菌的分离鉴定和脱硫特性研究

从污水净化厂二沉池回流污泥中分离到一株硫杆菌菌株dj-5,该菌株是一种兼性厌氧菌,通过生理生化特性鉴定,并结合16S rDNA序列分析及鉴定,该菌株可以确定为脱氮硫杆菌（Thiobacillus denitrificans）。该菌株的生长曲线表明菌体生长迅速,延滞期约为8 h,然后细菌进入对数生长期,这一阶段持续时间大约20～24 h,稳定期较短,细菌很快进入衰亡期。通过脱硫工艺实验考察了pH值、温度和搅拌速度对脱硫率和菌体生长的影响,结果表明,在进气量180 L/h、pH=6～8、温度为25～35℃和搅拌速度为270 r/min时,该菌株能正常生长,对进气浓度高达2 500 mg/m³的硫化氢脱除率在91%以上。     

Tiny Stowaways: Analyzing the Economic Benefits of a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Permit Regulating Ballast Water Discharges

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed permitting ballast water discharges—a benefit of which would be to reduce the economic damages associated with the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species. Research on ship-borne aquatic invasive species has been conducted in earnest for decades, but determining the economic damages they cause remains troublesome. Furthermore, with the exception of harmful algal blooms, the economic consequences of microscopic invaders have not been studied, despite their potentially great negative effects. In this paper, we show how to estimate the economic benefits of preventing the introduction and spread of harmful bacteria, microalgae, and viruses delivered in U.S. waters. Our calculations of net social welfare show the damages from a localized incident, cholera-causing bacteria found in shellfish in the Gulf of Mexico, to be approximately $706,000 (2006$). On a larger scale, harmful algal species have the potential to be transported in ships’ ballast tanks, and their effects in the United States have been to reduce commercial fisheries landings and impair water quality. We examine the economic repercussions of one bloom-forming species. Finally, we consider the possible translocation within the Great Lakes of a virus that has the potential to harm commercial and recreational fisheries. These calculations illustrate an approach to quantifying the benefits of preventing invasive aquatic microorganisms from controls on ballast water discharges. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

PCR-酶切技术在石油烃降解菌筛选鉴定中的应用

将以原油驯化所得的纯培养微生物菌株作为模板,采用PCR(聚合酶链式反应)法,用扩增细菌16S rDNA的一对通用引物(8 f,1492 r)对模板扩增,并用限制性内切酶R saI和M spI对PCR产物进行ARDRA多态性分析。聚类去除重复菌株后60株菌株可分为11种不同分类操作单元(OTU),同时得出每个分类操作单元的数量。实验结果表明,此方法可快速去除重复菌株并反映出菌株间的系统进化关系;同时实验数据可构建成库,使后续分离菌株的筛选工作只需比对数据即可完成。     

3S技术在流域水资源评价图中的应用——以湖北省漳河流域为例

水资源评价图是一种既传统又崭新的评价结果表现形式,它以可视化方式来反映水资源的特点和规律,具有直观形象等特点,是利用和保护水资源科学决策的基本手段。3S技术已经在很多领域得到了广泛的发展和应用,根据水资源评价图研究现状和特点确定3S技术在制作流域水资源图中可行性。以湖北省漳河流域水资源评价系列图的制作为例,提出了3S技术支持下评价图制作的程序,分析了3S技术支持下水资源评价图制作的具体内容、方法及3S在评价图制作中的关键作用,RS和GIS结合可以更好地实现数据的插补,GPS和GIS结合可以获取精度更高的定位数据,符号库的扩充可以更客观、形象地展示评价结果,最后指出这种方法相对于传统手工制图的优点,是规划图件制作的必然趋势。     

废水厌氧处理过程中的安全问题探讨

介绍了废水厌氧处理过程中H2S中毒和CO2窒息、沼气（甲烷）爆炸、腐蚀、结垢、气柜置换以及检修中需采取的安全措施。     

炼油设备高温H_2S腐蚀产物自燃倾向及影响因素

利用自制的硫化氧化反应装置,研究了Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe(OH)3高温H2S腐蚀产物的自热性质,并采用扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物的表面成分与形态.以Fe2O3腐蚀产物为例,研究了空气流量、环境温度及含水量对硫铁化合物自热性质的影响.结果表明,在环境温度40 ℃、空气流量300 mL/min条件下,3种腐蚀产物的自热性由强至弱顺序为Fe(OH)3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4;空气流量、环境温度的提高均会增强硫铁化合物的自热性;含水量低于10%会促进硫铁化合物的氧化反应,水质量分数达到60%氧化反应基本被抑制.