企业安全评价分析的主成分方法

依据某机车车辆厂的特点,建立了安全性评价指标体系,并应用主成分分析法对数据进行分析处理,求出指标综合表达式和排序结果,从而得到指标的客观权重,并指出了主成分法应用于安全评价中的特点。     

液化气运输过程中的危险分析

应用各种爆炸后果估计模型对液化气运输过程中的爆炸后果进行了评估，并用ETA分析方法对存在的危险进行了分析，指出了控制措施。     

浅谈青岛市雨水径流污染与控制措施

随着城市化的发展,水资源的污染和匮乏已经成为人们普遍关注的问题,而由此引出的对雨水径流污染的研究和控制也已不是新鲜话题。尤其对于将要承办2008年奥运会水上项目的青岛来说雨水的意义尤为重要。在对青岛市雨水水质实地调查后,结合国内外雨水研究的先进经验,对青岛市今后的雨水污染控制和利用提出了一些建议和意见。     

生物净化挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的研究进展

有机废气中大多含有低浓度的苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、多环芳烃等挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。这类挥发性有机化合物会对人体健康和生态环境造成危害。治理VOCs污染是大气污染治理的重要部分。生物法处理有机废气具有运行费用低、没有二次污染等优点。常用的生物处理技术主要有生物过滤池、生物滴滤池和生物洗涤塔。20世纪80年代生物法在欧洲得到快速发展,我国于90年代以后也开始了生物处理VOCs废气的研究,并取得了一定的成就。     

煤炭行业推行清洁生产的紧迫性及对策研究

通过对煤炭资源开发利用特征及其对生态环境破坏的现状分析,说明煤炭开采造成的生态破坏已成为我国可持续发展的制约因素.分析了煤炭行业推行清洁生产的必要性,并根据当前煤炭行业清洁生产中存在的问题,提出相应的对策.     

我国火电厂SO2污染治理政策的理论分析

从火电厂的环境特性出发,依据环境经济学的外部性理论、排污费政策以及排污权交易制度,对我国火电厂大气污染治理政策进行了理论分析并提出了相应建议。     

西部某机械加工企业酸洗场地环境调查与污染特征分析

以西北高原地区某铁塔厂酸洗车间为重点区,对场地开展系统的环境调查,结果表明：该场地以重金属锌污染为主要污染因子,场地内土壤Zn浓度范围13.68~68 800 mg·kg-1,局部区域土壤pH异常、土壤Fe含量和Cl-浓度升高现象;土壤Zn污染垂向迁移深,多数点位Zn污染（Zn含量超过200~500 mg·kg-1）深度达10 m以上,少数点位污染深度达15 m以下,其中北区酸池5 m以内、南区酸池3 m以内和下水管道及两侧区域3~10 m深度范围内为重污染;场地土壤pH异常范围与锌污染范围一致,土壤Cl-浓度和Fe浓度与Zn浓度具有相关性,可作为判断土壤锌污染程度和范围的辅助因子;现场速测的Zn含量与实验室总量测定结果一致性强,在pH异常区域的现场速测pH值与实验室测定结果的一致性较好,现场速测结果可作为污染表征的基础依据。推测酸池泄漏、含重金属洗液长期下渗和工业废水的直接排放为场地污染主要原因。     

天然气全氧燃烧尾气生活垃圾气化热力学分析

基于Aspen Plus模拟平台,运用吉布斯能最小化原理,以天然气全氧燃烧尾气（后续称为烟气）作为气化剂,选取反应温度和烟气流量与生活垃圾量比（E/M）作为影响因素,气化炉温度变化范围为400~1 500℃,E/M范围0~3.0,对几种典型生活垃圾（木屑、纸屑、塑料、橡胶和厨余）气化进行模拟计算。模拟结果表明,以烟气作为生活垃圾气化剂,可制备富氢产品气,产品气为中热值燃气。温度在800℃左右时,H2的体积分数达到峰值46.75%,反应温度大于800℃时,反应温度的增加对提升产品气的热值、CO的含量有一定作用,但H2的含量和产品气产率有所下降,反应温度过高增加气化的能源投入,反应温度应控制在800~1 000℃范围。高温烟气的过量导致产品气热值和品质下降,E/M宜控制在0.4~1.0区间范围。     

Residues and dissipation kinetic of abamectin,chlorfenapyr and pyridaben acaricides in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under field conditions using QuEChERS method and HPLC

Abstract

The current study estimated the dissipation rates of abamectin, chlorfenapyr and pyridaben acaricides in pods of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under field conditions in Egypt. Pesticides were extracted and cleaned-up by QuEChERS method and were analyzed by HPLC. The dissipation of these acaricides followed the first order kinetics model with half-life (t_1/2) values 1.00, 3.50 and 1.50?days for abamectin, chlorfenapyr and pyridaben, respectively. The lowest residues, at different time intervals of field application rate of each pesticide, were observed with abamectin followed by pyridaben and then chlorfenapyr. Pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) were 10.00, 13.50 and 6.00?days for abamectin, chlorfenapyr and pyridaben, respectively and were below the established European maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) 10–14, 14–21 and 7–10?days after application, respectively. If the fresh pods will be consumed after harvest, it is expected that the presence of these pesticides in the food will have a negative impact on human health. Therefore, the elimination of the residues of these harmful pesticides must be carried out.     

Environmental forensic investigation of the air pollution from a cement manufacturing unit

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences.