Creating False Images: Stream Restoration in an Urban Setting

Stream restoration has become a multibillion dollar business with mixed results as to its efficacy. This case study utilizes pre‐ and post‐monitoring data from restoration projects on an urban stream to assess how well stream conditions, publicly stated project goals, and project implementation align. Our research confirms previous studies showing little communication among academic researchers and restoration practitioners as well as provides further evidence that restoration efforts tend to focus on small‐scale, specific sites without considering broader land use patterns. This study advances our understanding of restoration by documenting that although improving ecological conditions is a stated goal for restoration projects, the implemented measures are not always focused on those issues that are the most ecologically salient. What these projects have accomplished is to protect the built environment and promote positive public perception. We argue that these disconnects among publicized goals for restoration, the implemented features, and actual stream conditions may create a false image of what an ecologically stable stream looks like and therefore perpetuate a false sense of optimism about the feasibility of restoring urban streams.     

奶牛粪便排泄系数测定

随着奶牛养殖业的发展,养殖粪便也大幅度的增加,而准确量化所产生的污染物,是环保部门需要解决的问题。通过实验测定奶牛粪便排泄系数,有利于对奶牛养殖污染物的排放进行管理。     

水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估方法研究

随着我国环境污染问题的日益突出,急需大量的高效创新技术以提高对环境污染的治理效果。然而,现有的专家评估体系难以科学、客观地反映技术真实性能,也很难促进新技术的推广应用。为建立科学的环境技术评估(ETV)体系,需要开展水污染防治处理技术验证评估试点工作。制订了水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估指标体系及验证测试方法,并利用该方法对某采用生物技术处理尼龙生产废水的工程实例进行了实证。结果表明：为全面反映该生物处理技术在各种工况条件下的技术效能,设置3个月的验证测试周期是合理的。通过对处理工艺流程中的水质、二次污染、工艺运行及经济技术等指标的测试分析,发现测试过程中得到的统计数据可客观有效地反映污染防治技术的真实性能。根据实证案例结果,对水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估指标体系和验证评估测试方法的进一步完善提出了建议。     

昆明市废弃食用油脂污染及其管理

本文通过对昆明市废弃食用油的去向对环境污染和人体危害的调查，提出了加强管理的措施及处理工艺。以达到对其有效治理和合理运用的目的。     

东莞沙田环保工业城水污染现状及控制策略研究

在全面考察了东莞沙田环保工业城水污染现状的基础上 ,分析了其现存的环境问题 ,提出了紧密联系实际的、可逐步实施的水污染控制近期和中期方案。对工业区的环境保护策略也作了简要的阐述。     

环境中汞的污染状况及监测

本文主要介绍环境中汞污染的来源；汞及其化合物的毒性，并且着重说明甲基汞对人类健康的损害状况；同时也介绍对环境中的无机汞和有机汞的监测分析方法，其中几种比较常用的甲基汞的分析方法。     

东江湖流域农业面源污染负荷研究

水土流失是吸附态氮磷污染输出的主要方式,也是面源污染评估的重要环节。以东江湖流域为主要研究区域,采用土壤侵蚀经验模型和氮磷污染负荷经验模型对研究区的吸附态氮磷污染负荷进行了估算,重点提取并分析了耕地面源污染负荷,并划分出农业面源污染重点控制区,为流域农业面源的氮磷流失防治提供理论依据。结果表明,东江湖流域农业面源污染土壤侵蚀总量为144.7万t,吸附态氮磷的流失总量分别为2 658.3和504.1 t,其中旱地吸附态氮磷流失风险高于水田;由化肥施用而产生的吸附态氮磷流失量分别为1 561.9和215.4 t,分别占耕地吸附态氮磷流失总量的58.8%和42.7%;东江湖流域农业面源污染防治的主要区域包括沤江区、浙水区以及主要河流入湖的环湖区。     

哈尔滨市蔬菜生产基地土壤重金属污染状况评价

根据对哈尔滨市所辖8区蔬菜生产基地土壤环境的调查和监测,利用土壤综合污染指数进行评价,哈尔滨市蔬菜生产基地土壤质量状况。     

嘉陵江流域吸附态非点源污染负荷研究

以美国通用土壤流失方程为基础,通过考虑引起流域土壤流失年际变化的水文条件和土地管理因素及泥沙输移过程的时空差异,提出了能够反映流域泥沙输出量逐年动态变化的估算方法,并以嘉陵江流域为研究对象进行了验证.在此基础上,根据流域吸附态氮磷污染年负荷与年泥沙输出量的相互关系,建立了流域吸附态氮磷污染年负荷模型.基于地理信息技术,应用所建模型,对嘉陵江流域1990～2005年因水土流失产生的吸附态氮磷污染负荷的空间分布进行了模拟和定量研究.结果表明,该流域吸附态氮磷流失较严重的地区主要分布在上游的白龙江和西汉水子流域;近年来,由于流域水土流失治理工作的进展,吸附态氮磷污染负荷逐年减少,近5年平均吸附态氮磷污染负荷分别为34423t/a和1848t/a,与1990年相比减少约60%.     

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF BMP EFFECTWENESS FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN FROM URBAN NONPOINT SOURCES1

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of urban Best Management Practices (BMPs) in achieving the No-Net-Increase Policy (NNTP), a policy designed to limit nonpoint nitrogen loading to Long Island Sound (US), is analyzed. A unit loading model is used to simulate annual nitrogen exported from the Norwalk River watershed (Connecticut) under current and future conditions. A probabilistic uncertainty analysis is used to incorporate uncertainty in nitrogen export coefficients and BMP nitrogen removal effectiveness. The inclusion of uncertainty in BMP effectiveness and nitrogen export coefficients implies that additional BMPs, or BMPs with a greater effectiveness in nitrogen removal, will be required to achieve the NNIP. Even though including uncertainty leads to an increase in BMP implementation rates or BMP effectiveness, this type of analysis provides the decision maker with a more realistic assessment of the likelihood that implementing BMPs as a management strategy will be successful. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that applying BMPs to new urban developments alone will not be sufficient to achieve the NNIP since BMPs are not 100 percent effective in removing the increase in nitrogen caused by urbanization. BMPs must also be applied to selected existing urban areas. BMPs with a nitrogen removal effectiveness of 40–60 percent, probably the highest level of removal that can be expected over an entire watershed, must be applied to at least 75 percent of the existing urban area to achieve the NNIP This high rate of application is not likely to be achieved in urbanized watersheds in the LIS watershed; therefore, additional point source control will be necessary to achieve the NNIP