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341.
342.
活性炭纤维(ACF)有比普通活性炭吸附量大、吸附和脱附速度快等优点,因此应用于有机废气的回收和净化,具有良好的经济、环境和社会效益。文中介绍了ACF的微观结构、表面化学以及吸附性能,并综述了近年来ACF在有机废气回收和治理方面的国内概况。 相似文献
343.
脱硝催化剂孔结构及其脱硝特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择性催化还原脱硝技术(SCR)所采用的催化剂多数为多孔介质,其内部孔隙有助于提高催化剂的反应活性。文中采用浸渍负载法,通过改变制备温度制备出不同孔结构的催化剂样品,采用N2吸附法对其孔结构进行测定和分析,并对不同孔结构的催化剂样品进行了脱硝实验。研究表明:煅烧及干燥温度对催化剂孔结构有很大的影响,比表面积越大,其催化剂内的孔分布宽度越窄,平均孔径越小;在活性温度范围(360~390℃)内,脱硝过程中主要是属于化学反应过程控制,脱硝效果随着比表面积的增大而增强;在非活性温度范围内,脱硝过程同时受到气体扩散过程及化学反应过程控制。 相似文献
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广东长隆碳汇造林项目作为我国首个获得国家发展和改革委员会签发的林业温室气体自愿减排(CCER)项目,对于我国林业碳汇参与应对气候变化具有重要的示范意义。本文对广东长隆碳汇造林项目进行了成本收益分析,发现林业碳汇交易价格被远远低估,从而使该项目不具备经济上的可复制性。为探究交易价格被低估的原因,本文考察了林业碳汇市场的供需关系,发现目前碳交易市场对林业碳汇CCER需求不足仅是表象,供需错配才是实质。首先,从需求侧来看,广东省碳排放配额设置过于宽松,缺乏林业碳汇CCER的接纳能力;其次,就供给侧而言,CCER的交易成本很高,且项目申报要求业主为企业法人,这严重限制了林业碳汇CCER的有效供给。鉴于以上问题,本文提出应同时从林业碳汇CCER的需求侧和供给侧着手改革。就需求侧而言,收紧广东省碳排放配额总量,并将林业碳汇CCER交易由补充机制改为配额管理。就供给侧而言,可以结合广东省推进林业碳普惠制度,将项目申报主体和交易主体放宽到独立法人和个人,广泛吸收民间资本、培育大型林业企业开展碳汇造林项目;降低碳汇项目进入门槛,根据省情制定方法学,简化签批手续。 相似文献
347.
Matthew Daly 《Local Environment》2017,22(11):1358-1377
Many intentional communities worldwide, such as ecovillages and co-housing communities, have explicit goals of living in an environmentally sustainable manner, and are taking conscious steps towards these goals in response to the widely discussed unsustainability of the global sociotechnical system. There are numerous claims from researchers and community members, in the academic and grey literature, that intentional communities are making significant improvements towards sustainability goals, particularly in terms of environmental impact. However, actual measures of progress, with evidence supporting these claims, are relatively scarce. This paper presents the findings of a systematic review of quantitative studies of the environmental impact of intentional communities, including comparisons with relevant “mainstream” communities. The review focused on the two indicators that are most commonly reported in studies of the impact of intentional communities – the ecological footprint and the carbon footprint. This review was undertaken as there is a lack of literature reviews that comprehensively compile existing quantitative studies about intentional communities. In total, the review identified 16 separate studies covering 23 communities and 30 footprint measurements, with publication dates ranging from 2000 to 2014. This is a greater number of studies than in any other literature review of this topic. Taken as a whole, these compiled studies provide strong support for claims of greater environmental sustainability within these communities, and reinforce the need for greater research and exploration of the role sustainability-oriented intentional communities can play in the transition to more sustainable sociotechnical systems. 相似文献
348.
Vinicius F. Farjalla André M. Amado Albert L. Suhett Frederico Meirelles-Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(5):531-538
Background, aim, and scope Dissolved humic substances (HS) usually comprise 50–80% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic ecosystems. From
a trophic and biogeochemical perspective, HS has been considered to be highly refractory and is supposed to accumulate in
the water. The upsurge of the microbial loop paradigm and the studies on HS photo-degradation into labile DOC gave rise to
the belief that microbial processing of DOC should sustain aquatic food webs in humic waters. However, this has not been extensively
supported by the literature, since most HS and their photo-products are often oxidized by microbes through respiration in
most nutrient-poor humic waters. Here, we review basic concepts, classical studies, and recent data on bacterial and photo-degradation
of DOC, comparing the rates of these processes in highly humic ecosystems and other aquatic ecosystems.
Materials and methods We based our review on classical and recent findings from the fields of biogeochemistry and microbial ecology, highlighting
some odd results from highly humic Brazilian tropical lagoons, which can reach up to 160 mg C L−1.
Results and discussion Highly humic tropical lagoons showed proportionally lower bacterial production rates and higher bacterial respiration rates
(i.e., lower bacterial growth efficiency) than other lakes. Zooplankton showed similar δ13C to microalgae but not to humic DOC in these highly humic lagoons. Thus, the data reviewed here do not support the microbial
loop as an efficient matter transfer pathway in highly humic ecosystems, where it is supposed to play its major role.
In addition, we found that some tropical humic ecosystems presented the highest potential DOC photo-chemical mineralization
(PM) rates reported in the literature, exceeding up to threefold the rates reported for temperate humic ecosystems. We propose
that these atypically high PM rates are the result of a joint effect of the seasonal dynamics of allochthonous humic DOC input
to these ecosystems and the high sunlight incidence throughout the year. The sunlight action on DOC is positive to microbial
consumption in these highly humic lagoons, but little support is given to the enhancement of bacterial growth efficiency,
since the labile photo-chemical products are mostly respired by microbes in the nutrient-poor humic waters.
Conclusions HS may be an important source of energy for aquatic bacteria in humic waters, but it is probably not as important as a substrate
to bacterial growth and to aquatic food webs, since HS consumption is mostly channeled through microbial respiration. This
especially seems to be the case of humic-rich, nutrient-poor ecosystems, where the microbial loop was supposed to play its
major role. Highly humic ecosystems also present the highest PM rates reported in the literature. Finally, light and bacteria
can cooperate in order to enhance total carbon degradation in highly humic aquatic ecosystems but with limited effects on
aquatic food webs.
Recommendations and perspectives More detailed studies using C- and N-stable isotope techniques and modeling approaches are needed to better understand the
actual importance of HS to carbon cycling in highly humic waters. 相似文献
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Jason A. Dittman James B. Shanley George R. Aiken Janet E. Towse 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1953-1956
Stream water samples were collected over a range of hydrologic and seasonal conditions at three forested watersheds in the northeastern USA. Samples were analyzed for dissolved total mercury (THgd), DOC concentration and DOC composition, and UV254 absorbance across the three sites over different seasons and flow conditions. Pooling data from all sites, we found a strong positive correlation of THgd to DOC (r2 = 0.87), but progressively stronger correlations of THgd with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC (r2 = 0.91) and with UV254 absorbance (r2 = 0.92). The strength of the UV254 absorbance-THgd relationship suggests that optical properties associated with dissolved organic matter may be excellent proxies for THgd concentration in these streams. Ease of sample collection and analysis, the potential application of in-situ optical sensors, and the possibility for intensive monitoring over the hydrograph make this an effective, inexpensive approach to estimate THgd flux in drainage waters. 相似文献