默克公司COD测试剂的替代品开发

德国默克（MERCK）公司制造的COD测定仪在我国环保行业、科研院所的水质监测工作中应用广泛，但配套测试剂价格昂贵，限制了该仪器的使用。设计了高量程（100～1500mg／L）和低量程（25～100mg／L）下COD测试剂替代品的开发方案。通过实验，确定了两个量程下COD测试剂替代品中K2Cr2O2，H2SO4-Ag2SO4，HgSO4的浓度和加入量以及测试方法。实验结果表明，在高量程和低量程范围内，使用COD测试剂替代品的测试结果与MERCK公司配套测试剂的测试结果比较相符，反应时间也可缩短至0．5h。     

高铁酸钾预处理强化污泥破解及厌氧产酸

在序批式污泥厌氧反应器中探究了高铁酸钾对污泥破解及厌氧产酸的影响。实验结果表明高铁酸钾对污泥具有较强的破解性,当高铁酸钾的质量浓度由0 mg/L增加至16 mg/L时,溶解性COD与总COD的比值由6.2%升至35.6%。同时污泥液相中溶解性蛋白质的质量浓度由561 mg/L增加至1 365 mg/L。高铁酸钾的浓度与挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的减量具有一定的线性关系。当高铁酸钾的质量浓度为8 mg/L时,污泥厌氧产挥发性脂肪酸最大,并且最大值为895 mg/L,其浓度是空白组2.56倍。     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

Thiolsulfonate functionalized polystyrene resin： Preparation and application in the isolation and identification of electrophilic mutagens

A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed.Thiosulfonic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media.Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate,prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS,was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides,α-chloroketones andα-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonic esters.After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds,the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS.For one mutagenic compound,only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part.Thus,the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides.The degree of functionaiization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g.Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.     

次灵敏线测定地表水中高含量的钾钠钙镁

对采用次灵敏线测定地表水中高含量的钾、钠、钙、镁的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围、共存元素的干扰情况以及精密度和准确度进行了研究,发现该方法线性范围宽,精密度好,准确度高,与标准法(灵敏线)相比,相对误差<3%,满足分析需要。同时标准曲线系列常温下放置至少可稳定1a,避免了每次测定水样都要制作标准曲线的麻烦,既节省了试剂,又减轻了工作量,具有较高的实用价值。     

利用水泥窑灰生产钾肥

水泥窑灰含有一定量的钾,是生产钾肥的良好原料。通过试验确定了用水泥窑灰与工业硝酸生产钾肥的配比及其它工艺参数,为水泥窑灰的综合利用提供了一项新方法。     

原水嗅味与处理措施

针对日益普遍的以地表水为原水的饮用自来水中的嗅味问题,结合秦皇岛市水源地富营养化和水厂运行的实际情况,分析了嗅味产生的原因,给出了水源地和水厂需要采取的措施,特别是在当前水环境条件下,水厂需因地制宜地采取气浮及臭氧、活性碳等深度处理工艺.     

3种土壤改良剂对河套灌区玉米田温室气体排放的影响

为研究膨润土、生物炭和聚丙烯酸钾等土壤改良剂对农田温室气体排放的影响,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法研究了5种不同施肥处理(不施肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+膨润土、常规施肥+生物炭、常规施肥+聚丙烯酸钾,分别标记为NF、CK、B、C和PAM)下河套灌区2015、2016两年玉米田温室气体排放动态变化.结果表明,玉米生育期内,河套灌区农田N_2O呈双峰型排放规律,各处理于追肥灌水后5~7 d出现N_2O排放峰值;农田CH_4排放无明显规律,个别处理于追肥灌水后6 d左右出现CH_4排放峰值,其余时期均表现为土壤对CH_4的吸收作用;CO_2呈单峰型排放规律,于玉米拔节期出现排放峰值.相关性分析表明,土壤温度的升高,可显著增加土壤N_2O和CO_2的排放速率.与CK相比,B和PAM处理可显著降低N_2O累计排放量(P0.05),降幅分别为38.59%和45.35%;B、C处理可显著增强土壤对CH_4的吸收作用(P0.05),累计吸收量分别增加144.44%和172.22%;B、C处理CO_2累计排放量与CK差异显著(P0.05),与CK相比分别降低25.40%和22.21%.总体来说,B、C和PAM处理下综合增温潜势较CK分别降低27.77%、19.61%和12.16%,温室气体排放强度降低35.20%、26.65%和13.36%.与CK相比,B、C处理下玉米产量显著提高11.33%和9.59%,净生态系统经济预算显著增加16.15%和12.65%(P0.05).综上所述,对河套灌区玉米种植体系而言,常规施肥基础上添加膨润土、生物炭是提高作物产量、降低增温潜势的有效农业措施.     

Basic properties of sintering dust from iron and steel plant and potassium recovery

With the production of crude steel, China produces several million tons of sintering dusts which contain a great deal of valuable metals such as, K, Na, Zn, Pb. If discharged directly without adequate treatment, these elements can lead to adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to determine how to separate these elements from the dust before discharge. Several physical and chemical detection methods were used to study the basic properties of sintering dust. At the same time, preliminary experiments on the recovery of the potassium resources from the sintering dust were carried out. The mean particle size of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dust determined by a laser granulometer was 41.468 μm. Multi-point BET and single-point BET analysis showed that the surface area of the ESP dust was 2.697 m²/g. XRD measurements detected the following phases in the ESP dust: Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, KCl and NaCl, and Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄ and SiO₂ in the water-washed dust. SEM-EDS results proved that in the ESP dust, K mostly existed in the form of KCl particles without being coated. Leaching experiments showed that the KCl in the ESP dust could be separated and recovered by water leaching and fractional crystallization. Through the recovery experiments, the yield of K-Na vaporized crystalline salt was 18.56%, in which the mass fractions of KCl, NaCl, CaSO₄ and K₂SO₄ were about 61.03%, 13.58%, 14.03% and 9.97%, respectively. This process is technically viable and considerable in economic benefit. There was almost no secondary pollution produced in the whole recovery process.     

Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.