权利分析视角下的农户灾后恢复分析——以甘肃省TP村地震灾害为例

以阿马蒂亚.森的权利分析方法作为主要的理论框架,在参考脆弱性分析和社会资产分析的基础上,将外部干预和农户的社会资本加入上述权利分析框架,用以解释农户灾后恢复的差异。研究发现,资源禀赋和交换权利的差异造成了农户灾后恢复的差异:具有较好资源禀赋和交换权利的农户能够迅速跳出短期贫困的陷阱,恢复生计;而资源禀赋和交换权利较差的农户则无法迅速跳出地震灾害所造成的短期贫困陷阱,恢复生计。     

Water management in the world of globalization

Water management is changing its paradigm. The millennia of economic indoctrination are to be replaced by the logic of ecology. The economic sector satisfying the demands for water and water‐related services guided until now by its own ideology and institutions, is gradually becoming an integral part of environmental protection and eco‐economy. Within the great diversity of national water policies, efforts towards sustainability are a dominant common objective. Discussions of the World Water Fora and other initiatives indicate that ecologically oriented water management is the emerging new challenge for achieving this objective. Ecological orientation emphasizes the unified system of the world water balance processes as transmitters of various human impacts leading to economic externalities. Water management is becoming a component of the processes of globalization primarily through its externalities requiring a comprehensive informational infrastructure as well as adequate institutional competence for their management. The paper analyzes fundamental features of the conceptual models incorporating such informational and institutional arrangements. The outlook of water is inseparably tied to the world order of the future, and water management in the world of globalization can either promote a genuine worldwide collaboration or can become a source of dangerous international tensions and conflicts.     

我国碳交易制度巩固脱贫攻坚成果的问题及对策

本文从我国碳达峰和碳中和的目标愿景、碳交易体系中的CCER抵消交易、建立巩固脱贫攻坚成果的长效机制等方面对我国碳交易制度巩固脱贫攻坚成果的宏观形势做出研判,系统梳理了我国利用碳交易制度巩固脱贫攻坚成果的主要问题。提出了完善我国碳交易制度巩固脱贫攻坚成果的建议:一是重启CCER项目申请备案,协调国内国际碳交易,增加碳交易的脱贫攻坚资源;二是统筹项目签发与碳抵消规则,调整项目类型和地域限制,提高碳交易的脱贫攻坚效率;三是建立低碳交易数据共享平台,提升项目交易活跃度,保障碳交易的脱贫攻坚质量。     

Safeguarding livelihoods or exacerbating poverty? Artisanal mining and formalization in West Africa

In recent years, policy mechanisms to support a formalized artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) sector in sub‐Saharan Africa have gained increasing currency. Proponents of formalization argue that most social and environmental problems associated with the sector stem from the fact that ASM is predominantly unregulated and operates outside the legal sphere. This paper critically examines recent efforts to formalize artisanal and small‐scale mining in West Africa, drawing upon recent fieldwork carried out in Sierra Leone, Ghana and Mali. In exploring the sector's livelihood dimensions, the analysis suggests that bringing unregulated, informal mining activities into the legal domain remains a considerable challenge. The paper concludes by confirming the urgent need to refocus formalization strategies on the main livelihood challenges and constraints of small‐scale miners themselves, if poverty is to be alleviated and more benefits are to accrue to depressed communities in mineral‐rich regions.     

多尺度网络视角下企业产业扶贫资源跨区域配置及减贫效应

扶贫网络研究有助于解构扶贫资源的跨区域配置方式,挖掘扶贫要素的空间适配机制,对于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接有一定借鉴意义。基于上市公司精准扶贫数据构建了区域间的扶贫关联网络,运用社会网络分析法及地理加权回归（GWR）模型分析了多尺度扶贫网络格局、网络结构及其减贫效应,得到结论如下：（1）多尺度视角下的网络格局的空间异质性明显,企业的扶贫行为趋于空间邻近区域,空间指向性较强,城市间的精准扶贫关联网络呈现由“少核互联”的较稀疏网络向“多核交织”的密集型网络演进。地理距离对企业扶贫的约束仍然存在,但约束性逐渐降低。（2）扶贫关联网络复杂度不断强化,净溢出、经纪人、净受益和双向溢出四个板块间的溢出效应明显。（3）扶贫关联网络中扶贫多元化提升、区域连接数增加、区域联系强度增强及区域节点中介性提升对产业扶贫效应的发挥具有促进作用。     

资源,生存空间与扶贫战略

本文在对资源和人类生存空间的讨论中,提出了自然资源、经济资源和社会资源的概念以及人类生存空间的地理性、经济性和社会性,并从资源和人类生存空间的角度对贫困问题进行了分析,认为社会资源贫乏及社会空间狭小是贫困的主要原因,因此,如何从资源的整体性出发,开发贫困地区的社会资源、扩展生存的社会空间是制定扶贫战略的重点。     

西部地区农村贫困现状、原因及对策探析

实施开发式扶贫政策以来。西部地区扶贫工作取得了令人鼓舞的成就．但由于多方面原因。扶贫任务仍然十分艰巨。本文从西部地区农村贫困现状出发．根据汉森理论．对西部地区农村贫困原因作了深入分析。最后提出了治理贫困对策。     

新疆于田县人口变化与持续发展

从多角度分析新疆于田县50多年来的人口变化状况，其变动由3个波峰和3个波谷组成。增长率最高峰为1984年的34．13‰。最低峰是1964年的-2．29‰。两者相差36．42‰。形成人口高增长率的因素主要是社会稳定、医疗条件改善、文化大革命及政策；而瘟疫流行、自然灾害、人口惯性及政策控制了其增长。同时，由于宽松的少数民族生育政策。其人口控制和变化比发达地区滞盾一个时段．并亵现出偏远、自给自足地区受外界干扰少——一种典型封闭系统的人口变化特征。各类人口模式的变化都表明于田县人口变化已趋于一个较为合理的增长。为该县的经济和社会的持续发展提供了客观可能性。     

精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接机制及典型途径——基于林业的案例分析

生态补偿是我国生态建设、环境保护领域的一项重要政策,精准扶贫是我国促进区域协调发展、确保贫困人口如期脱贫的重要举措,两者在客体、主体、载体、标准、方式及途径等方面存在对接点。国家提出“通过生态补偿脱贫一批”,各区域也结合实际情况,将生态补偿与精准扶贫相结合开展了相关工作。当前,中国精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接途径主要有贫困人口与生态补偿对象、扶贫地域与生态补偿地区、产业扶贫与生态补偿措施、贫困程度与生态补偿标准、扶贫政策与生态补偿需求等方面的对接,各有其内涵及特征。为进一步促进精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接发展,可从加强理论研究、明晰对接方向及重点、夯实公众基础、创新发展途径等方面采取措施。     

Mining development,income growth and poverty alleviation: A multiplier decomposition technique applied to China

Mining has grown rapidly and is expected to continue to develop solidly in the future with the economic development in China. Based on this trend, how an increase in the outputs of mining sectors affects household income and poverty alleviation is an issue worthy of study. A multiplier decomposition method within a social accounting matrix (SAM) framework shows the linkages through which a mining sector's output contributes to household income growth and poverty alleviation. The decomposition applied to China reveals that mining development has more significantly positive impacts on the high and middle income household than low income household. Moreover, the decomposition incorporated with the Foster, Greer and Thoerbecke (FGT) poverty measure shows that the ‘coal’ sector contributes most to poverty alleviation and the low income household group, which has the biggest poverty rate, is the smallest beneficiary from the mining development. Thus, the policy implication is proposed that the government should give appropriate adjustment on the distribution of income between rich and poor households and help the unskilled human capital from the household group at a low income level to handle advanced technology of mining through education and training to reduce poverty more effectively.