提高炼油污水处理场排水合格率的途径

为解决炼油厂外排污水存在的问题，该厂采取了一系列措施。如：改进污水处理工艺，应用新技术、新设备，加强上游管理，以减少冲击事故。通过这些努力污水场排水合格率连续几年一直达90％以上，污水回用率达30％以上。从1994年至今，污水处理场各套设备运行基本正常，达到了很好的处理效果。     

黑索金废水的处理

以球形活性炭为吸附剂，用吸附法处理黑索金（ＲＤＸ）废水，出水能够达到国家排放标准，球形活性炭的动态饱和吸附量为０．１２３－０．１４０ｇ／ｇ，吸附带长为２ｍ。吸附饱和的球形活性炭，可用碱液以复再生。笔者还提出了数学模型，导出了处理实验数据公式，此公式可推广应用于同类吸附实验数据处理。     

SIMULATION OF TEMPORAL CHANGES IN RAINFALL-RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS,COON CREEK BASIN,WISCONSIN1

ABSTRACT: Streamflow for 67 years was simulated for Coon Creek at Coon Valley, Wisconsin, for three conditions in the drainage basin: (1) conditions in the 1930s; (2) conditions in the 1970s, excluding flood-detention reservoirs; and (3) conditions in the 1970s, including flood-detention reservoirs. These simulations showed that the changes in agricultural practices over 40 years (1940–80) reduced the 100-year flood by 53 percent (from 38,900 to 18,300 cubic feet per second). The flood-detention reservoirs reduced the 100-year flood by an additional 17 percent (to 15,100 cubic feet per second). The simulation was accomplished by calibrating a precipitation-runoff model to observed rainfall and runoff during two separate periods (1934–40 and 1978–81). Comparisons of model simulations showed that differences between the model calibrations for the two periods were statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF A SWEDISH AND A CHINESE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL1

ABSTRACT: There are a large number of conceptual hydrological models available today. It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the different models. The Swedish HBV model and the Chinese Xinanjiang model are two examples of conceptual, semi-distributed, rainfall-runoff models. The Xinanjiang model was designed for use in humid and semi-humid regions, with no routine for the snowmelt runoff, whereas the snow routine is an important part of the HBV model in many applications. The model structures of the two models may be described in four routines, compared in this paper. The integral structures of them are similar, but there are some differences, especially in the runoff production routine. The physical significance and physical definitions of some model parameters were analyzed. Both models were tested in two basins. Both models gave similar results, and both models performed well in the application. The similarity of the results obtained by different model structures leads to the following two conclusions. First, more effort should probably be spent on the improvement of input data quality and coverage than on the development of more detailed model structures only. Second, inference about basin behavior and characteristics from the values of calibrated model parameters must be made with great caution.     

TOPHAZOP: a knowledge-based software tool for conducting HAZOP in a rapid, efficient yet inexpensive manner

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies constitute an essential step in the risk analysis of any chemical process industry and involve systematic identification of every conceivable abnormal process deviation, its causes and abnormal consequences. These authors have recently proposed optHAZOP as an alternative procedure for conducting HAZOP studies in a shorter span of time than taken by conventional HAZOP procedure, with greater accuracy and effectiveness [Khan, F. I. and Abassi, S. A., optHAZOP. An effective and efficient technique for hazard identification and assessment Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1997, 10, 191–204]. optHAZOP consists of several steps, the most crucial one requires use of a knowledge-based software tool which would significantly reduce the requirement of expert man-hours and speed up the work of the study team. TOPHAZOP (Tool for OPTmizing HAZOP) has been developed to fulfil this need.

The TOPHAZOP knowledge-base consists of two main branches: process-specific and general. The TOPHAZOP framework allows these two branches to interact during the analysis to address the process-specific aspects of HAZOP analysis while maintaining the generality of the system. The system is open-ended and modular in structure to make easy implementation and/or expansion of knowledge. The important features of TOPHAZOP and its performance on an industrial case study are described.     

用好氧-厌氧反复耦合固定床生物反应器处理肌苷生产废水

利用由多孔微生物载体构建的好氧-厌氧反复耦合固定床生物反应器进行了高浓度肌苷生产废水处理中试研究。连续84d的运行结果表明，当进水COD为1500-2700mg／L、水力停留时间为22．1h时，出水COD可维持在150mg／L左右，COD去除率达90％～95％。装置运行稳定后，未经沉淀的出水中的固体悬浮物质量浓度小于50mg／L，表明该反应器可避免剩余污泥的产生。中试结果验证了该反应器处理高浓度肌苷废水的可行性和优势，同时为装置放大提供了理论依据。     

固硫剂制备工艺探讨

探讨了循环流化床锅炉脱硫方法中固硫剂的制备工艺，对几种石灰石破碎设备及工艺进行了分析比较，通过柱磨机粉磨石灰石的工业试验，了解其产品粒度分布，从而择优确定固硫剂制备工艺流程。     

生物燃气制气供气装置选型计算

根据生物质热解及其干燥所需能量计算,选择一种生物质燃气制气供气装置作为生物燃油生产过程中用于生物质干燥和热载体加热的能量来源,对降低生物燃油规模化生产能耗和生产成本具有重要的研究实践价值和经济意义.     

桥梁施工过程的布拉格光纤光栅安全监测技术

为了安全可靠地建好每座大跨桥梁,就要对每座桥的施工过程进行安全监测,传统的安全监测方法是采用电测技术,由于抗电磁干扰性差等原因,测试的数据真实性差。笔者在布拉格光纤光栅的传感原理、室内悬臂梁试验和埋设工艺的研究基础上,成功地在黑大公路牛头山大桥上布设了布拉格光纤光栅应变传感器,为对比布拉格光纤光栅的监测结果,埋设了应变砖测试混凝土的应变,监测了该桥预应力混凝土连续梁先简支后连续施工的全过程,施工监测结果表明:布拉格光纤光栅监测大桥施工结果准确、稳定和可靠,同时证明该光纤光栅测试技术可以用于桥梁施工过程的安全监测且结果明显好于传统的电测技术。     

抽出式通风煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟

根据气固两相流理论，针对矿井掘进工作面的特点，采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）对掘进工作面通风过程中粉尘浓度进行数值模拟，总结抽出式通风掘进巷道中粉尘浓度的沿程分布及变化规律。