干洗业四氯乙烯职业危害与环境对策

干洗业四氯乙烯溶剂及其处理的安全问题已被认为是干洗业持续发展的评判标准。干洗过程中的溶剂残渣对顾客和生态环境都造成影响。干洗业环境广问题不仅仅是传统的职业卫生问题,而且作为纺织品生命周期的一个有机构成引起环保工作者和绿色消费活动倡导者的关注。     

武钢签订安全生产目标责任状制度概述

概略地分析了武钢安全生产目标责任状制度的内容、作用和目的 ,以及实施和管理该责任制的一些主要做法、措施。通过实施签订安全生产目标责任状制度 ,促使各级领导、各部门落实安全生产责任制 ,取得了成效 ,确保了安全生产     

我国非煤矿山安全生产现状、研究与发展

对我国非煤矿山的安全生产现状进行了系统调查,探讨了我国非煤矿山在21世纪开采条件的不利变化以及潜在的事故隐患,提出了确保非煤矿山的安全生产亟待开展的研究课题以及长远安全科技发展规划。     

Fe和Fe2+对混合细菌产氢发酵的影响

在研究Fe粉剂量和Fe²⁺浓度对混合细菌产氢发酵的影响基础上,确定Fe和Fe²⁺促进混合细菌产氢能力的最佳阈值,并对乙醇型发酵菌群在不同Fe粉和Fe²⁺浓度下的产氢量和最大比产氢速率进行考察和对比.结果表明,Fe粉和Fe²⁺对乙醇型发酵菌群的产氢能力均有明显的促进作用.以葡萄糖为底物,投加Fe²⁺试验中,Fe²⁺浓度200mg/L获得最大产氢量143.7mL/g,较对照组提高32%;Fe²⁺浓度50mg/L获得单位VSS最大比产氢速率21.2 mL/(h·g),较对照组提高33%.投加单质Fe试验中,Fe粉剂量1000mg/L获得最大产氢量156.1mL/g,较对照组提高44%;Fe粉剂量500mg/L获得单位VSS最大比产氢速率23.5mL/(h·g),较对照组分别提高47%.单质Fe浓度高于50mg/L时,对发酵菌群产氢的促进作用要优于同浓度下的Fe²⁺.同时对混合细菌中铁的全量和形态分布进行了考察.     

废物处理企业在清洁生产中的作用

作为对废物进行无害化处理及资源化利用的特殊企业,废物处理企业在清洁生产中扮演着与其它企业不同的独特角色。废物处理企业不仅作为废物处理和资源化利用的主体在清洁生产中发挥着直接的作用,而且还通过对废物产生源的影响、对废物处理技术和管理经验的开发和实践、以及对废物有关信息的反馈等方式,对废物产生单位的经营和管理部门决策施加影响,从而起到影响和促进清洁生产的作用。     

石化企业的环境污染事故应急预案分析与建议

从环境污染角度分析了"吉化爆炸"、"大连原油泄漏"和"兰化系列爆炸"三个典型石化企业安全生产事故案例,论证了环境污染控制在应急预案中的重要地位和完善的应急预案对于避免环境污染事故或最大程度减少事故损失的重要作用。在此基础上,分析了目前石化企业的环境污染应急预案中存在的普遍性问题,并以天津某石化企业的环境污染事故应急预案为例,从应急能力、应急行动、应急培训、预案演练、预案修订和环境污染预防等方面提出了完善建议,增强其针对性、可操作性和科学合理性,以期在应急救援中发挥更好的功效,避免安全生产事故次生环境污染事故。     

浅议企业安全文化建设与安全标准化建设的关系

目前由于国内各企业正在开展企业安全标准化建设工作,很多企业对安全标准化建设与企业安全文化建设之间的关系感到困惑。本文首先介绍了企业安全文化的层次和各层次间的关系以及安全标准化建设的相关内容,然后分析了企业安全文化建设与安全标准化建设之间的关系,最后得出安全标准化建设是企业安全文化的重要组成这一结论。安全标准化建设是建设安全文化的重要措施之一,企业可以通过安全标准化的建设来完善其在安全文化建设中的不足。本文能为企业进行安全标准化建设和安全文化建设的实施提供参考依据。     

Perceived changes in well-being and happiness with gardening in urban organic allotments in Portugal

Urban allotment gardens (AG) in Portugal have increased in recent years, as in many other European countries and worldwide. The contribution of these gardens to the happiness and well-being of urban populations has been recognized, but evaluations of their benefits are still very scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate this contribution, based on the urban organic AG of the Devesa Park in Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal. The sample included 65 gardeners who completed the self-administered questionnaires of Bem-Estar Pessoal (personal well-being scale), Felicidade Subjetiva (subjective happiness scale) and sociodemographic characteristics. Respondents were mainly adults under 65 years, married and academically well qualified and about half of them had a professional activity, with nearly one third being retired. They considered themselves happy with their life (Personal Well-being Index = 74.5%) and revealed an optimistic and positive attitude towards life, regardless of economic or social difficulties. The increased frequency of visits for gardening was positively related to a greater perception of subjective happiness. The gardeners who visited the AG more frequently considered themselves happier from a self-perspective and in comparison with peers. It can be suggested that urban organic AG represent a means for enhancing citizen well-being, contributing positively to their feelings of happiness and life satisfaction, changing behaviours and developing personal capacities. Beyond economic measures, urban AG can be recommended to capture the well-being of societies.     

Effects of land use,cover, and protection on stream and riparian ecosystem services and biodiversity

Protected areas are an important part of broader landscapes that are often used to preserve biodiversity or natural features. Some argue that protected areas may also help ensure provision of ecosystem services. However, the effect of protection on ecosystem services and whether protection affects the provision of ecosystem services is known only for a few services in a few types of landscapes. We sought to fill this gap by investigating the effect of watershed protection status and land use and land cover on biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. We compared the ecosystem services provided in and around streams in 4 watershed types: International Union for Conservation of Nature category II protected forests, unprotected forests, unprotected forests with recent timber harvesting, and unprotected areas with agriculture. We surveyed 28 streams distributed across these watershed types in Quebec, Canada, to quantify provisioning of clean water, carbon storage, recreation, wild foods, habitat quality, and terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity richness and abundance. The quantity and quality of ecosystem services and biodiversity were generally higher in sites with intact forest—whether protected or not—relative to those embedded in production landscapes with forestry or agriculture. Clean-water provision, carbon storage, habitat quality, and tree diversity were significantly higher in and around streams surrounded by forest. Recreation, wild foods, and aquatic biodiversity did not vary among watershed types. Although some services can be provided by both protected and unprotected areas, protection status may help secure the continued supply of services sensitive to changes in land use or land cover. Our findings provide needed information about the ecosystem service and biodiversity trade-offs and synergies that result from developing a watershed or from protecting it.     

黄土区陡坡侵蚀过程试验研究

通过室内放水冲刷试验,结果表明,陡坡单宽径流能耗与单宽径流产沙率之间存在以下线性关系:Dr=18.672(ΔE - 0.751),说明土壤的可蚀性参数为18.672 g/J,发生坡面细沟侵蚀的临界径流能耗为0.751 J/(ms)。坡面单宽径流能耗随流量增大而增加,随坡度变化呈抛物线趋势,临界坡度出现在21和24之间。坡面上各段面单宽径流能耗均随流量的增大而增加,随着坡度逐渐增加,坡面上部段面能耗渐增,中部段面渐减,下部较稳定。坡面各段面侵蚀产沙也有类似特征。此研究对于深入了解黄土高原陡坡土壤侵蚀过程和机理具有重要意义。