PBS基共聚物对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响研究

采用人工土壤法,以蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的变化为指标,研究了不同分子量可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚己内酯(PBS-co-PCL)共聚物对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明:数均分子量为8.0×103和1.6×104实验中,蚯蚓蛋白质均表现出随PBS-co-PCL含量的增大而减小的趋势,但最终蛋白质含量与空白实验基本一致;数均分子量为2.8×104的PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓的影响比较小,不随共聚物含量的增加而变化,与空白实验基本保持相同水平。以上结果表明:不同分子量PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响不大,对蚯蚓是安全的。     

穗花狐尾藻生长及酚类物质含量对光照强度的响应研究

沉水植物穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)能产生对水华蓝藻生长有抑制效应的酚类活性物质。为了揭示光照强度对穗花狐尾藻的生长及其体内酚类物质含量的影响,文章研究了不同光照强度下穗花狐尾藻的生物量及其顶端组织与茎中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚的含量以及与酚类代谢相关酶——苯丙氨酸裂解酶(Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)的活性,结果表明:穗花狐尾藻生物量随着光照强度的减弱而显著降低;高光照强度和中等光照强度下,顶端组织中可溶性蛋白、总酚含量和PAL酶活都明显高于茎中各指标;茎中的总酚含量、PAL酶活性在低光照强度下显著高于高光照强度和中等光照强度下。     

Effect of ozone pre-treatment on sludge production of aerobic digestion processes

The effect of ozone in a chemical sludge disintegration process was evaluated. Sludge solution chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and settling were investigated in single and sequential processes. A significant influence of ozone dose on sludge disintegration was observed: ozone was utilised to degrade the soluble organic matter and to destroy cell surfaces and release the cell liquids. For a single ozonation step, we found an optimum ozone dose in the range of 0.008–0.013 g O₃/g TSS to give the best COD and TSS removal efficiency. Disintegrated sludge was treated in a sequential process consisting of consecutive ozonation and bio-aeration (i.e. O₃ + biological treatment). The tendency was dependent on accumulated ozone, treatment time and operational conditions. An accumulated ozone dose of 0.055 g O₃/g TSS in two separate ozonation processes followed by biological treatments led to COD and TSS removal efficiency of 53 and 46.6%, respectively. The removal efficiency was improved by increasing aerobic treatment time and/or by mixing ozonated sludge with non-ozonated sludge. The settling ability of sludge was found to be fast at very low specific ozone doses. An observed tendency was the effect of ozone on cell disintegration and protein liberation. The use of sequential processes improved the settling tendency of sludge.     

Sub-lethal effect of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism of the food fish Clarias batrachus and monitoring of recovery

The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96?h LC₅₀ concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 21 days in order to study the recovery. Fish were sacrificed at the stipulated periods and gills, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues were used for the estimation of total protein, amino acids, ammonia, urea, glutamine, protease, transaminases, and phosphatases. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in all tissues for 28 days and recovery was observed during the recovery period. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were elevated in the tissues for 28 days exposure at both concentrations. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration.     

Effects of coconut product–caffeine interactions on liver cells in Wistar albino rats

The effects of interactions between coconut products and caffeine on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme in Wistar albino rats were studied. Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: (Group 1) control received via oral route a placebo (4 mL distilled water). Groups 2–4 were treated for a 14-day period, respectively, with 50 mg caffeine/kg body weight (BW), 50 mg caffeine/kg plus 50 mg coconut water/kg, or 50 mg caffeine/kg plus 50 mg coconut milk/kg in a 4 mL volume via gastric intubation. One day after the after the final exposure, the animals were euthanized by inhalation of an overdose of chloroform. The blood of each rat was collected by cardiac puncture, and the liver of each was harvested and processed to examine several biochemical parameters, including total protein and RNA levels, protein/RNA ratios, and the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST, respectively). Results showed that while ingestion of coconut milk and coconut water increased the values of protein and protein/RNA ratios, there was a decrease in ALT and AST activities. These effects were opposite to those produced by caffeine alone and may prevent the adverse effects attributed to caffeine.     

茄科雷尔氏菌蛋白质相互作用网络预测及分析

细菌性青枯病是由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种世界范围的细菌性土传病害.该细菌基因组序列的完全测序,使得从蛋白质组角度来分析其蛋白质相互作用网络成为可能.本文通过朴素贝叶斯模型整合系统发生谱法、基因邻近法、基因融合法、操纵子法、同源映射法、微阵列法、域相互作用法等7种方法,并根据约豋指数确定的阙值,预测了可信的茄科雷尔氏菌的蛋白质相互作用网络.对网络中的分泌子网络和信号转导进行了分析,提出可能的药物作用靶点(cyaB、pilD、Fli、Rsp1526、VsrA、VsrB、PilH).对于未注释的蛋白依据蛋白相互作用推测了部分蛋白质的功能.本文也提供了完全免费的在线数据库支持,提供了方便的茄科雷尔氏菌的蛋白相互作用的查询及相互作用数据和推测的蛋白质功能数据的查询和下载(http://www.scbmp.org.cn/rsoppi.php).     

不同强度冷刺激对大鼠心脏、大脑、睾丸和肺脏中CIRP表达的影响

采用Western blot和实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,研究不同强度不同时间冷刺激后大鼠心脏、大脑、睾丸和肺脏中冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(CIRP)的表达情况.结果表明:常温(20℃±1℃)下大鼠4种组织中均存在一定的CIRP的表达;急性冷刺激组(-10℃±1℃、-4℃±1℃、0℃±1℃、4℃±1℃)心脏、大脑和睾丸中CIRP mRNA表达在冷刺激0～6 h呈上升趋势,6 h时达到最高值,随后呈下降趋势,肺脏中CIRP mRNA表达在0～6 h呈下降趋势,在6 h时达到最低值,随后呈上升趋势;慢性冷应激组(10℃±1℃)大鼠心脏、大脑和睾丸3种组织中CIRP mRNA在不同时间点(1周、2周、3 W周)的表达均高于正常对照组(P>0.05),肺脏CIRP mRNA表达均低于对照组(P>0.05),并且同一组织不同时间点之间差异不显著(P>0.05).可见冷刺激后CIRP的表达存在一定规律并且表现出组织特异性,可能与组织保护特异性有关.     

压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火的有效性研究

压缩空气泡沫灭火技术是一项新型灭火技术,为验证压缩空气泡沫系统与蛋白泡沫灭火剂结合使用时是否可以成为含PFOS泡沫灭火剂的替代技术,开展了压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火有效性试验.在对压缩空气蛋白泡沫的泡沫性能进行分析的基础上,进一步采用标准油盘火试验模型对压缩空气蛋白泡沫的灭火性能进行评估,并与吸气式泡沫产生系统进行了对比.试验结果表明压缩空气蛋白泡沫具有优异的泡沫性能,同时具备抑制非水溶性液体火的有效性,可以作为含PFOS泡沫灭火剂的替代技术.     

PBS共聚物对蚯蚓的蛋白质含量和纤维素酶活性的影响

以赤子爱胜蚓Eisennia foetida为研究对象,在滤纸接触法的基础上,采用自然土壤法进行急性毒性试验,研究了不同相对分子质量的PBS-co-PCL共聚物对蚯蚓蛋白质含量和纤维素酶活性的毒性效应。研究结果表明：随着暴露时间的增长,蚯蚓蛋白质含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势;第7天时,数均相对分子质量（Mn）为8.0×103的聚合物对蛋白质的影响较明显;第14天时,相对分子质量（Mn）为1.6×104和2.8×104的聚合物对蛋白质的影响较明显。聚合物相对分子质量（Mn）为8.0×103处理组中,纤维素酶活性受到的抑制作用较明显,聚合物含量为2.5%时,抑制作用达到最大。但是随着暴露时间的增长,这种抑制作用逐渐减小,即影响是暂时性的,纤维素酶活性变化比蛋白质含量变化更敏感。以上结果表明蚯蚓在实验过程中没有出现致病或致死现象,即聚合物对蚯蚓的影响较小。     

壬基酚对中国林蛙精巢中StAR表达的影响

为研究水体壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)污染对两栖动物精巢中类固醇生成急性调节蛋白(StAR)的影响,将雄性成体中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)分别暴露于c(NP)为10-7,10-6和10-5 mol/L的水体中10,20和30 d.取其精巢组织,在成功扩增获得273 bp的StAR cDNA片段后合成探针,用原位杂交方法检测StAR mRNA在精巢的表达,用免疫组织化学方法检测StAR蛋白的表达.结果在对照组和各NP处理组中均检测到StAR mRNA和蛋白的阳性表达,阳性反应主要在精巢的Leydig细胞.StAR表达相对值的检测结果表明,c(NP)为10-5 mol/L 的水体对StAR表达有抑制趋势,c(NP)为10-7和10-6 mol/L 的水体可上调StAR的表达,表明NP对StAR表达由抑制转向诱导的临界浓度在c(NP)为10-6 mol/L与10-5 mol/L 之间.在c(NP)为10-7和10-6 mol/L 处理组,StAR表达值随c(NP)的增高而增加.在c(NP)为10-6 mol/L 处理组,暴露30 d后StAR表达相对值最大,呈现NP对StAR表达具有累积效应.c(NP)为10-7 mol/L对StAR表达不随时间延长显示累积效应.提示一定剂量范围的NP可通过调控StAR的表达干扰动物类固醇激素的合成.