Glial fibrillary acidic protein in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects

The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the subunit protein of intermediate filaments in astrocytes and closely related cell types. By means of an enzyme immunoassay we have determined the concentration of GFAP in amniotic fluids from normal pregnancies and from pregnancies complicated by various fetal malformations. The group of 20 cases of fetal anencephaly had a significantly higher mean amniotic fluid GFAP concentration (115 μg/1±133.6 (S.D.), range 6–378 μg/1) than the control group of 117 normal pregnancies (13 μg/1k±5.5 (S.D.), range 0–31 μg/1), (P<0.001). Two cases of fetal encephalocele likewise had very high amniotic fluid GFAP concentrations. None of the other cases of fetal malformations investigated, including 12 cases of spina bifida, had increased amniotic fluid GFAP concentrations. We conclude that determination of the amniotic fluid GFAP concentration may give additional information in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal nervous system malformations.     

超滤技术在马铃薯淀粉排放废水中的应用初探

超滤技术在马铃薯淀粉排放废水中的应用初探丛培君袁彦肖王淑兰孙鹤王榕树（天津大学化工系，３０００７２）关键词超滤膜；马铃薯淀粉；排放废水；蛋白质；ＣＯＤ值．马铃薯是生产淀粉的主要原料之一．在淀粉生产过程中需用大量的水，而马铃薯所含的部分有机物、无机物都...     

一种新去整合素Adinbitor的表达、序列分析及其对C6神经胶质瘤细胞凋亡的诱导

Adinbitor为一通过基因工程方法获得的来自于中国白眉蝮蛇毒腺的去整合素家族的新成员 .从蝮蛇毒腺中提取总RNA进行RT -PCR扩增 ,获得了 2 19bp的白眉蝮蛇去整合素基因 .cDNA测序及由此推导的氨基酸序列结果显示 ,Adinbitor为含有 73个氨基酸的多肽 ,其中包括 12个半胱氨酸 ,并具有去整合素的特征模序 -RGD .对此去整合素基因进行克隆、转化与诱导后 ,得到了该蛋白的可溶性高效表达 .经组氨酸亲和层析纯化 ,获得了分子量Mr为 9×10 3 的均质融合蛋白 ,并将其命名为adinbitor.序列分析表明 ,adinbitor与已发表于GENBANK上的整合素序列有很高的同源性 ,其中同源性最高的是南韩的saxatilin ,二者的蛋白质同源性高达 91.78% .活性测定结果表明 ,Adinbitor能有效地诱导神经胶质瘤细胞C6的细胞凋亡 ,有希望成为一种抗癌新药 .图 5参 15     

Egg protein insolubility inLymantria dispar versus other forest Lepidoptera

Summary A standard buffer (5 mM phosphate at pH 7) which is used to extract protein from insect eggs provided complete protein solubility for eggs from three of four tree-feeding lepidopteran species: obliquebanded leaf roller (Choristoneura rosaceana), forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), and the eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum). Under the same extraction protocol, egg proteins from the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), remained nearly insoluble. An array of methods typically used to solubilize insect egg proteins were tried and all but the most denaturing (2% SDS) were ineffective. Extraction buffers with typically high pH values were then evaluated. The results indicated that 1) solubility of gypsy moth egg proteins was pH dependent, and full solubility of most egg proteins required the extraction buffer to have a pH of 12 or more prior to the addition of eggs. We also determined that 2) the gypsy moth egg has a buffering capacity which must be surpassed for complete protein extraction, 3) low salt/high pH buffers gave slightly higher total protein values than did high salt/high pH buffers, 4) parental nutritional history (host species utilized) and egg developmental state (pre-embryonatedvs postembryonated/pre-hatch) were unrelated to the requirements for complete egg protein solubilization, and 5) the presence of soluble phenolics, compounds that have the potential to bind to protein and cause insolubility, was confirmed for the gypsy moth egg with 2-D paper chromatography and several other tests. Based on these results, we present a hypothesis about the cause of egg protein insolubility in the gypsy moth.     

Relation of hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A level in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and its correlation with cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) protein levels in Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were exposed through a water column to BaP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L, respectively) or were treated with intraperitoneal injections of BaP (0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively) every 7 d. The results showed that after 25 d of waterborne exposure to 1000 ng/L BaP, fish hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity were significantly induced. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered 7 d after second ip injections, whereas, CYP1A protein levels were increased. Dose-dependent increase of biliary BaP metabolites demonstrated that the catalytic activity of CYP1A was induced by treatment with BaP. The lowest observable effect concentration with regard to biliary BaP metabolites (100 ng/L) was much lower than that with reference to EROD activity (1000 ng/L). The results suggest that biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were shown to better reflect the contamination gradients of PAHs than EROD activity. It appeared to be necessary to measure CYP1A protein levels to complement the EROD activity in relevant toxicological assessments.     

Preliminary Studies on Converting Agricultural Waste into Biodegradable Plastics – Part III: Sawdust

Summary Hardwood sawdust was derivatized either by carboxymethylation, glutaration, maleiation, phthallation, or succination in order to produce anionic materials suitable for complexation with soy protein isolate. Blending each derivative with soy protein isolate resulted in instant precipitation of gels. Infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry suggested that each derivative formed a complex with protein. Reaction products could be dried into pellets exhibiting tensile strengths between 0.9–2.4 MPa, suggested that these materials could be promising candidates for biodegradable structural materials.     

优质蛋白玉米籽粒超微结构与品质性状的相关研究

以两个优质蛋白玉米（QPM）群体（T34QPMC3和陕综5号／O2C0）为试材，采用胚乳硬质度0，1，2，3，4五级分类法，对籽粒进行分析、观察．结果表时：胚乳硬质度越高，籽粒物理性状越好，蛋白质品质越差；硬质度越低，籽粒物理性状越差，蛋白质品质越好．在半硬质胚乳奥帕克-2玉米中，胚乳硬质度、籽粒密度的差异主要表现于胚乳内部组织，而胚乳边缘组织无差异．胚乳内部组织结构的疏密排布、淀粉粒形状、均匀住、角质化程度决定了籽粒物理性状的优劣；胚乳内部组织中基质蛋白形态、密度以及与淀粉粒结合紧密程度决定了优质蛋白玉米胚乳营养品质．     

极低频电磁场对萌发期大豆的生物学效应

观察了50Hz.0.2mT或6.0mT的电磁场暴露对大豆的萌发过程，丙二醛（MDA）含量，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT），过氧化物酶（POD），蛋白酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量以及幼苗根茎的组织形态学影响。结果表明：电磁场暴露下，大豆的开始萌发时间由32h提前到8h，萌发率到达50％的时间由72h分别提前到48h(0.2mT组）和40h(6.0mT组）；MDA含量随磁场强度的增大而下降；SOD，POD活性随磁场强度的增大而升高，而CAT活性在0.2mT暴露组下降，在6.0mT暴露组升高；蛋白酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量分别随磁场强度的增大升高或降低。幼苗根茎细胞的大小和形态没有明显变化。结果提示，极低频电磁场可以改变抗氧化酶的活性，减缓脂质过氧化，增强蛋白酶的活性，促进大豆的萌发过程。图4参6。     

金针菇中蛋白质含量的变化和其中一个蛋白质的生物活性

在对金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes)子实体活性蛋白质纯化过程中发现,金针菇在不同环境条件下不同蛋白质的表达量有差异.通过阴离子交换层析、凝胶层析和高压液相色谱,从金针菇中分离纯化获得了一种蛋白质Zb.经SDS-PAGE测定该蛋白分子量(Mr)为 30×103,等电聚焦电泳表明该蛋白质的等电点为 4. 7,且该蛋白质不含糖.N-端测序表明,该蛋白质N-端的 20个氨基酸为PQVKTSWEDLANLGWPIQQV.此外,在HepG2. 2. 2. 15细胞株上检测该蛋白质体外对肝炎病毒的抑制作用,发现对HBsAg抑制作用明显,抑制中浓度为 0. 117μg/mL,但对HBeAg几乎无作用.以胃癌细胞株MGC80-3为研究对象,检测表明,该蛋白质对MGC80-3抑制率在 50%时的蛋白质浓度约为 0. 75μg/mL.以起始浓度为 0. 296mg/mL的Zb检测它的血凝活性时发现,Zb对兔血红细胞和人A、B、O血红细胞的血凝滴度为 2-12.但同时观察到Zb处理后的兔血红细胞形态发生改变. 图 6表 1参 15