酵母菌在废水处理中的应用

酵母菌既具有细菌单细胞、生长快、能形成很好的絮体、适应于各种不同的反应器等特点,又具有真菌细胞大、代谢旺盛,耐酸、耐高渗透压、耐高浓度的有机底物等特性,因而可用于多类难处理有机废水的处理,并且具有处理效率高、污泥负荷高、占地面积小、剩余污泥可回收用作饲料蛋白等特殊的优越性。酵母菌废水处理技术有望成为常规好氧和厌氧处理技术的重要补充而在工业废水治理中发挥重要作用。     

Fenton氧化破解污水处理厂污泥

研究了Fenton氧化反应的影响因素pH值、H₂O₂/Fe²⁺投加比、反应温度和反应时间对污泥破解效果的影响,并以污泥上清液中蛋白质、糖类、SCOD及污泥TSS、VSS的变化来表征污泥破解的程度。结果表明,最佳破解条件为：pH=5,最佳H₂O₂/Fe²⁺投加比为24：1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为90 min,在该条件下,SCOD、溶解性蛋白质和多糖分别由88.76、19.70和14.95 mg/L增加到3 714.64、2 039.90和289.70 mg/L;TSS及VSS分别由34.60 g/L、19.76 g/L降为26.60 g/L、14.22 g/L,去除率分别为23.12%和 28.14%。Fenton氧化破解污泥,能够有效促进污泥絮体分解,有利于进行后续的厌氧消化处理。     

缓冲液盐度对热提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的影响

采用热提取法提取污泥中微生物细胞外的胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substance,EPS),分析了不同提取时间、提取温度、缓冲液盐度对污泥中EPS提取效果的影响,并采用平行因子模型(PARAFAC模型)分析了不同缓冲液盐度下EPS的荧光组分及特性,探究了缓冲液盐度对热提取污泥EPS的影响.结果表明,缓冲液盐度对热提取EPS的组分和荧光物质的强度均产生影响,0.50%的氯化钠缓冲液盐度条件下松散型EPS(loosely bound EPS,LB-EPS)组分含量及荧光物质最佳,0.05%氯化钠缓冲液盐度条件下紧密型EPS(tightly bound EPS,TB-EPS)的提取效果最佳;当提取时间为40 min,提取温度为70℃时,总EPS含量达(93.26±2.07)mg·g~(-1)(以VSS计);三维荧光结果显示,不同缓冲液盐度条件下污泥中EPS均包含类蛋白质(C1:λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=290 nm,302/350 nm)、类色氨酸(C2:λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=278 nm,340 nm)、类胡敏酸(C3:λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=310 nm,410 nm)和类腐殖酸(C4:λ_(Ex)/λ_(Em)=380/420 nm,474/514 nm)4类荧光组分峰,在溶解性EPS(SMP)和LB-EPS中类色氨酸的荧光强度最高,TB-EPS中类蛋白质荧光强度最高.因此,合适的热提取缓冲液盐度,有利于污泥EPS中各组分的高效提取.     

Microsatellite length polymorphisms associated with dispersal-related agonistic onset in male wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)

Dispersal propensity, reflecting one of the most decisive mammalian life history traits, has been suggested to vary heritably and to locally adapt to prevailing dispersal conditions in wild house mouse populations. Because individual dispersal propensity highly significantly covaries with the developmental timing of the onset of agonistic interactions between littermate brothers, we used agonistic onset as an endophenotype to explore the potential genetic basis of dispersal-related behavioral variation in male house mice. We found significant covariation of microsatellite marker compositions with the probability of fraternal pairs to exhibit agonistic relationships before the age of 2 months. In particular, the presence of two alleles associated with a serotonin transporter protein gene (Slc6a4) and a testosterone dehydrogenase gene (Cyp3a11), respectively, strongly covaried with the probability of early agonistic onset. These results are congruent with recent findings of microsatellite length polymorphisms marking regulatory variation of gene expression that is relevant for social behavior, including dispersal propensity development, in other mammals. Genetic variability for ontogenetic timing of agonistic onset would be in agreement with genotypic differentiation of the dispersive behavioral syndrome in natural populations that could lead to local adaptation.     

活性污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质的探针分析方法

应用微相吸附-光谱修正技术(Microsurface adsorption-spectral correction,简称MSASC),利用刚果红(Congo Red,简称CR)探针测定了活性污泥胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substances,简称EPS)中蛋白质(Protein)的含量,与常用的Folin酚法比较,结果一致,蛋白加标回收率为94.5%～107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)＜4.5%.对反应机理的分析和产物结合常数的计算结果表明,在pH 2.21时CR-Protein作用符合Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,产物的结合比79∶1,结合常数K=2.17×106,聚集形式为Protein·CR79,摩尔吸收系数ε664r=8.50×105L·mol-1·cm-1.     

对甘薯茎线虫具有杀虫活性的苏云金芽胞杆菌筛选及特性鉴定

为筛选对甘薯茎线虫具有高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)菌株,提取12株供试Bt菌株的晶体蛋白,溶解后加入到甘薯茎线虫悬浮液中,统计3 d和7 d后甘薯茎线虫的死亡率.经初筛和复筛后得到一株对甘薯茎线虫具有高毒力的Bt菌株YBT-008,其对甘薯茎线虫的LC50值为203.76μg/mL.研究了YBT-008的生物学特性,结果表明,YBT-008在LB培养基上培养约12 h后进入稳定期,并且伴随芽胞的形成产生卵圆形的伴胞晶体;SDS-PAGE分析表明YBT-008可产生多种待鉴定的晶体蛋白类型,质粒检测显示该菌株有5条质粒条带.YBT-008的获得为利用Bt防治甘薯茎线虫提供了新型菌株和基因资源.     

盐酸胍诱导的apo-CP43去折叠过程

膜蛋白生物合成与色素组装中蛋白的稳定性可以通过去折叠条件与过程分析得到.利用色氨酸荧光光谱和ANS荧光光谱研究了apo-CP43在盐酸胍条件下的稳定性.色氨酸荧光光谱观测到apo-CP43在盐酸胍作用下去折叠进程的主要特征:荧光强度先是逐渐降低,之后再逐渐升高,而最大荧光发射峰位置则一直持续红移.盐酸胍处理后apo-CP43的F360 nm/F335 nm比值逐渐增大,表明荧光最大发射峰逐步红移.当盐酸胍浓度约为5.5 mol/L时,去折叠比例趋于相对稳定状态,说明此时apo-CP43已经基本完成去折叠.荧光相图法结果显示盐酸胍诱导apo-CP43变性的过程符合三态模型.ANS荧光测定数据显示盐酸胍处理之后最大ANS荧光发射峰位置红移,并且荧光强度逐渐降低.以上数据表明在盐酸胍条件下apo-CP43是一个相对比较稳定的蛋白.     

Implications of oxidative stress in occupational exposure to lead on a cellular level

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative alterations leading to cellular dysfunctions in Pb-exposed subjects by evaluating damage to all major classes of biomolecules in the cell, lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA damage and determine relationships between parameters of Pb toxicity and specific biomarkers of oxidative damage.

Analysis was conducted of smelter workers with high blood Pb and urine aminolevulinic acid levels and slightly elevated values of coproporphyrin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX. Significant decreases of thiol groups and increases in carbonyl groups as protein degradation end products, and of nitrite were detected. Elevated rates of lipid peroxidation and rises in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase were also observed. Both enzymes showed positive correlations with the blood lead levels and urine coproporphyrin, while thiol groups correlated negatively with the same indices. The genotoxic potential of lead was manifested through an increased number of DNA-damaged cells. Increased activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes indicated cellular damage in the lungs, kidneys, and liver. These lead-induced impairments should be taken into consideration in the assessment of Pb-related health hazards.     

Molecular structure of extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase fromAlcaligenes faecalis T1

The amino acid sequence of a peptide containing an active serine was examined with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase ofAlcaligenes faecalis T1. The sequence Cys-Asn-Ala-Trp-Ala-Gly-Ser-Asn-Ala-Gly-Lys was obtained. This amino acid sequence around the active serine does not fit any reported sequence of other esterases and proteases. On the other hand, a segment of the amino acid sequence of PHB depolymerase ofA. faecalis was homologous to the type III sequence of fibronectin. Similar sequences have been reported in some type of bacterial chitinase and cellulases, and PHB depolymerase seems to have an overall similarity to these bacterial extracellular hydrolases.