镉胁迫对菜豆幼苗基因组DNA多态性的影响

采用随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)等技术,检测不同浓度镉(Cd)胁迫对菜豆幼苗叶片DNA损伤及相关生理特性的影响.结果表明,随着Cd处理浓度(0,20,40,80mg/L)的增加,菜豆幼苗中的Cd含量及叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量升高;叶片中可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、还原型谷胱甘肽在低浓度(20mg/L)Cd处理下含量增加,中、高浓度(40,80mg/L)Cd处理下减少.选取8条寡核苷酸引物(10bp),利用RAPD随机扩增技术,对菜豆幼苗叶片细胞基因组DNA进行扩增,8条引物均产生特异性谱带.正常叶片基因组DNA的RAPD图谱得到46条谱带.与正常组相比,Cd处理下利用不同引物扩增得到的RAPD图谱发生改变,呈现不同程度的谱带强度增强或减弱、谱带缺失或新增,与对照的RAPD图谱存在明显差异.Cd胁迫下基因组模板稳定性下降,并随Cd处理浓度的增加,稳定性下降幅度增大.利用RAPD技术获得的DNA多态性变化,可指示镉毒害生物遗传效应,并为镉污染地区蔬菜品种的选育及镉毒性的评价提供依据.     

蛋白质在城市污水活性污泥处理系统中的降解动力学模型研究

研究了蛋白质在厌氧-缺氧-好氧城市污水处理系统中吸附和降解的特性,分别确定了蛋白质在厌氧、缺氧和好氧条件下的吸附等温线模型,建立了蛋白质在厌氧、缺氧和好氧状态下的降解动力学模型,并对模型预测结果进行了验证分析,结果表明,Freundlich模型可以较好地描述蛋白质在厌氧、缺氧和好氧污泥卜的吸附过程,牛血清白蛋白水解成氨基酸是其生物降解过程的控速步骤,序批式动力学降解试验还表明,厌氧降解速率系数K厌、缺氧降解速率系数k缺与好氧降解速率常数的比值分别为0.40和0.98,说明在同一活性污泥系统的厌氧和缺氧条件下,蛋白质也能被较好地降解,模型得到的各池混合液出水中蛋白质的浓度模拟结果与实测结果相一致(相对误差＜10%).无论在厌氧、缺氧还是好氧环境中,酸溶蛋白质没有积累.     

Deoxynivalenol impairs proliferation and induces apoptosis in primary murine osteoblasts

The effects of deoxynivalenol in different dose including 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 1500 µg/L on primary cranial osteoblasts from fetal mice were investigated. Fluorescence staining, flow cytometric measurement, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol 2-y1)-3,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide assay, quantitative PCR, and Western blot were used for the test. Mineralization and proliferation of osteoblasts decreased upon 100 µg/L and higher deoxynivalenol treatment and apoptosis of osteoblasts was increased upon 500, 1000, and 1500 µg/L deoxynivalenol treatment. Karyopyknosis, membrane breakage, and a decreased number of calcium nodes were also observed upon 500 µg/L deoxynivalenol treatment. The mRNA and protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein were upregulated, B-cell lymphoma-2 protein downregulated with increasing concentrations of deoxynivalenol treatment and their ratio increased. Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis of osteoblasts, suggesting a mechanism by which deoxynivalenol can affect murine skeletal development.     

固定化蛋白酶对废水中蛋白质的水解效果与机理

采用吸附方法将蛋白酶固定于活性炭、大孔树脂和硅胶载体上,分别研究了3种载体蛋白酶固定化效果,酶活性以及对淀粉加工黄浆废水中蛋白质的水解效果.批次试验结果表明,3种载体蛋白酶固定效果分别为:硅胶20.31%,大孔树脂37.85%,活性炭61.95%;酶活性最高时pH均为5.5;酶活性分别为3.6mg/min、21.48mg/min和18.68mg/min .水解后,大孔树脂和活性炭固定酶的水解产物氨基酸总量分别较水解前增加21.26倍和14.6倍;产物中检出1 6种氨基酸,较水解前增加2种.以大孔树脂为载体构建固定化酶反应器进行连续进水试验,结果表明:进水中蛋白质浓度明显影响反应器的水解效果,当其蛋白质浓度与反应器的酶浓度匹配时(500mg/L) ,反应器能获得80 %蛋白质水解率和36.1%有机物水解酸化率.挥发性水解产物组成以乙醇和乙酸为主,分别占50.3%,33.3%.为乙醇型水解.     

NaCl胁迫对甜高粱发芽期生理生化特性的影响

为筛选耐盐甜高粱材料,探讨NaCl胁迫对甜高粱发芽期生理生化特性的影响,研究了0、70、140、210 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫对吉甜3、BJK156、甜132、凯勒、威利、考利、吉甜2、戴尔等8个甜高粱材料发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量等8个指标盐害系数的影响,利用系统聚类分类法对甜高粱耐盐性进行聚类可分为3类：耐盐性最强的是甜132,耐盐性中等的是BJK156,耐盐性较敏感的是考利、吉甜3、吉甜2、戴尔、凯勒、威利。进一步研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱芽苗中丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。结果得出：随着盐胁迫的加重丙二醛含量逐渐增加,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐减少。NaCl胁迫不同程度地提高了8个甜高粱材料POD、CAT、SOD活性,受3种NaCl质量浓度胁迫后8个甜高粱材料POD、CAT、SOD活性的变化趋势不同,这可能是它们耐盐差异的生理原因之一。另外,在3种NaCl浓度胁迫后甜132中的丙二醛增加量在8个材料中都是最低的,这与系统聚类分析得出甜132耐盐性最强的结论相吻合。研究认为丙二醛含量的变化可以作为筛选发芽期耐盐甜高粱品种的一个指标。     

Effects of heavy metals on the nitrogen metabolism of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw. A 15N tracer study

The assessment of pollution in aquatic systems necessitates an accurate indication of toxicity of heavy metals for organisms and ecosystems. We used the stable nitrogen isotope 15N to estimate the influence of the heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn on the synthesis of nitrogen-containing fractions in the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica. This method permits conclusions concerning inhibitory effects of these heavy metals on the assimilation of nitrogen and the biosynthesis of amino acids and proteins. The moss was exposed to metal concentrations of 25-500 microM over a period of 5-10 days. 15N abundance of exposed plants was compared with that of control plants. Similar to a loss of vitality determined using a fluorometric assay, a decrease of the 15N abundance in the N fractions of Fontinalis antipyretica was measured in dependence on the metal concentration. Nevertheless, the individual inhibition by the distinct metals was different, so that the following order of toxicity was derived: Cd > Pb > Zn.     

First trimester PAPP-A in the detection of non-Down syndrome aneuploidy

Combined first trimester screening using pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin, and nuchal translucency (NT), is currently accepted as probably the best combination for the detection of Down syndrome (DS). Current first trimester algorithms provide computed risks only for DS. However, low PAPP-A is also associated with other chromosome anomalies such as trisomy 13, 18, and sex chromosome aneuploidy. Thus, using currently available algorithms, some chromosome anomalies may not be detected. The purpose of the present study was to establish a low-end cut-off value for PAPP-A that would increase the detection rates for non-DS chromosome anomalies. The study included 1408 patients who underwent combined first trimester screening. To determine a low-end cut-off value for PAPP-A, a Receiver–Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. In the entire study group there were 18 cases of chromosome anomalies (trisomy 21, 13, 18, sex chromosome anomalies), 14 of which were among screen-positive patients, a detection rate of 77.7% for all chromosome anomalies (95% CI: 55.7–99.7%). ROC curve analysis detected a statistically significant cut-off for PAPP-A at 0.25 MoM. If the definition of screen-positive were to also include patients with PAPP-A<0.25 MoM, the detection rate would increase to 88.8% for all chromosome anomalies (95% CI: 71.6–106%). This low cut-off value may be used until specific algorithms are implemented for non-Down syndrome aneuploidy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

几种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺细胞蛋白激酶C活性的影响

为了探讨几种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺(HEL)细胞蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响,该研究用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其与HEL细胞共同孵育24小时,测定了HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中PKC的活性。其结果显示:随着石棉剂量的增加,HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性逐渐升高,均呈明显的剂量依赖性;经3种化合物预处理的石棉,其所诱导的HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性均明显低于未处理温石棉组。笔者提示:温石棉可能通过改变细胞内PKC的活性进一步促进肿瘤的发生;用3种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉对HEL细胞PKC活性的诱导作用。     

黑水虻处理养殖废物的研究现状

利用腐食性昆虫黑水虻处理禽畜粪便,能够以较低的成本将大量的禽畜粪便转化为具有高附加值的昆虫蛋白源饲料,在消除环境污染的同时,为市场提供动物蛋白源饲料添加剂,从而实现农业废弃物的资源化利用。黑水虻的干物质含有42%的粗蛋白和35%的脂肪,必须氨基酸含量优于鱼粉,特别适合于水产养殖。     

TTPC对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理的影响

试验设定了6个TTPC浓度梯度处理组和1个对照组,研究十四烷基三丁基氯化鏻(TTPC)对铜绿微囊藻(FACHB469)生长及生理的影响。结果表明当TTPC浓度超过0.6 mg/L时能有效地抑杀铜绿微囊藻,当TTPC浓度为0.8 mg/L,藻细胞与药剂接触时间96 h,相对抑制率达84.68%,同时铜绿微囊藻的可溶性蛋白质量分数、叶绿素a含量及总糖质量分数与对照组相比均显著下降(p<0.05)。根据以上实验结果,我们结果推测TTPC杀藻机理可能是通过阻碍藻细胞生命活动所必需的蛋白合成,抑制叶绿素a的合成,导致藻细胞生命活动所需糖类等物质含量急剧降低,从而使藻细胞生命过程受到阻塞,最终破坏整个藻细胞。