RBI技术在我国企业的应用研究与改进思考

基于风险的检测技术(RBI)是目前化工行业逐渐采用并得到认可的一种新的设备检测技术。在对RBI体系研究的基础上,阐述了RBI的系统思想、实施步骤与应用价值;在工艺危害性分析的基础上,采用挪威船级社的ORBIT Onshore软件对常减压装置进行了定量RBI分析,识别出装置设备和管道的主要腐蚀损伤模式,确定设备和管道的风险大小分布以及风险检测策略;并根据RBI在化工等行业企业的应用实践对RBI技术在我国应用过程中存在的不足提出了相关改进建议。     

消防灭火系统中人的因素的定量研究

基于人机工程学研究思路,把消防灭火系统中人的因素分解为可用度、可信度和固有能力,筛选出温度和工作时间作为影响因子,利用层次分析法和线性回归法确定了消防灭火人力系统的可信度和固有能力,结合某消防支队训练统计数据对此研究方法进行了实例分析.结果表明,温度和工作时间对人力系统存在明显影响,相比之下,工作时间的影响较大,但消防灭火系统人的因素的决定因子是人力系统的固有能力,即灭火人员的业务能力、身体素质、心理素质和火场作风.此方法的提出对于消防灭火战斗效能评估、灭火力量组织和配置有着重要意义.     

化工园区安全规划方法与应用研究

如何进行科学合理的园区安全规划,整体上提高化工园区的安全水平,是当前化工园区发展过程中的一个关键问题。中国安全生产科学研究院研发的化工园区定量风险评价(QRA)技术及其软件通过化工园区各类事故后果计算、事故概率分析获得园区个人风险、社会风险和安全容量等园区整体性风险评价结果,可用于园区选址规划、园区布局规划、园区企业准入规划和园区安全生产一体化规划等,为化工园区土地使用安全规划提供了实用技术方法,在国内几十个化工园区推广应用,取得了良好实际应用效果。     

亚硝态氮胁迫下菲律宾蛤仔实时定量P CR内参基因的筛选

为了更好地从基因角度研究亚硝态氮对贝类的生态毒性,需要筛选一个合适的内参基因作为参考,对其毒性相关基因进行定量表达分析。本研究以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)作为研究对象,以亚硝态氮胁迫的鳃组织cDNA作为模板,利用geNorm软件和NormFinder软件对6个候选内参基因进行表达稳定性分析,并对2个结果做了综合赋权分析。结果显示,geNorm分析的基因表达稳定性结果为ActinCyPAEF1αUbi18STubu,NormFinder软件分析的结果为ActinUbiCyPAEF1α18STubu,最后经加权赋值法综合分析获得6个候选基因的表达稳定性为ActinCyPAUbiEF1α18STubu,即Actin为表达最稳定的基因。因此,Actin可以作为衡量亚硝态氮胁迫后菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织中基因表达的内参基因。     

Three lessons for gender equity in biodiversity conservation

Amid a growing global agenda, biodiversity conservation has embraced gender equity as a pillar of equitable and effective practice. Gender equity has become enshrined in the global environment and development agenda through global commitments, policy and funding. However, for various reasons, conservation biodiversity often takes a simplistic view of gender as synonymous with women or as a dualism between women and men. This narrow view risks promoting inequitable processes and ineffective outcomes. Deeper engagement with feminist theory, and feminist political ecology in particular, could help advance biodiversity conservation's approach to how gender is understood, framed and integrated. Engaging with lessons from feminist political ecology can help advance gender equity in conservation through attention to power dynamics, intersectionality, and subjectivity.     

External relational attributions: Attributing cause to others' relationships

I present an attributional approach to understanding how people perceive and respond to the effects of others' relationships in the workplace by suggesting that people perceive others' relationships to be causal sources of workplace outcomes. Specifically, I suggest that individuals' responses to negative outcomes at work can be better understood by differentiating between two types of external attributional explanations: external relational attributions and external nonrelational attributions. This research focuses on the conceptual development of external relational attributions, which are defined as those attributional explanations made for outcomes or behaviors experienced or observed by a focal individual that locate the cause of an outcome within the relationship between two others (people, groups, organizations, or any combination), not including the focal individual. Further, I propose situational antecedents and behavioral outcomes of external relational attributions, with an emphasis on individuals' behaviors toward others' relationships. Lastly, I highlight the advantages of considering the role of others' relationships when applying attribution theory to a variety of organizational phenomena and present directions for future research.     

中国与欧洲禾谷镰刀菌DON毒素HPLC定量比较分析

选用4个来自中国、7个来自欧洲的代表性禾谷镰刀菌菌株,经脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素特异引物鉴定,确认其具有产生DON毒素的遗传物质基础后,接种于PDB培养基培养7d,从培养基上清中经硅胶柱分离、纯化DON毒素,经HPLC定量分析表明,纯化的禾谷镰刀菌DON毒素,与购自公司的DON毒素标准样品一样,其HPLC检测谱峰清晰明显,基线平稳,无干扰,保留时间为9.5min左右;供试菌株的DON毒素含量分布在0.023~1.934μg/mL之间,德国菌株F703产毒量最大,比位居第二的中国菌株5005(1.232μg/mL)高57%;其余的6个欧洲菌株中,除意大利菌株Lor9(0.128μg/mL)略低于另一个中国菌株7105(0.135μg/mL)外,均比3个中国菌株(4020、7105、8029)的产毒量大.欧洲镰刀菌产生DON毒素的能力远远大于中国菌株,这说明欧洲菌株长期在欧洲生态环境下已演变形成其特有的高毒素代谢类型,我国有必要严防欧洲禾谷镰刀菌入侵,加强对来自欧洲的禾谷类粮食及其产品的镰刀菌和毒素的检疫和监控;同时,本研究建立的毒素样品制备与HPLC检测体系可用于准确定量分析样品的DON毒素.图3表2参14     

广西柳城县农业生态环境的定量评价

建立了包括生态资源、人类驱动和系统响应3方面17个指标在内的农业生态环境定量评价指标体系,结合广西柳城县的实际情况,运用模糊综合评价模型,对当地农业生态环境进行定量评价。结果表明,柳城县农业生态环境质量属于一般水平,当地自然生态条件较好,虽受人类活动影响较大,但生态系统运行依然正常。该评价结果与当地实际情况相符,表明该评价指标体系具有较强的科学性和实用性。依据评价结果,提出了改善柳城县农业生态环境的对策和建议。     

拓扑指数在定量结构生物降解性关系中的应用

本文采用二氧化碳生成量实验，对训练组有机物，利用逐步回归分析程序，从计算和十四种分子连接性指数中筛选出与生物降解性最为相关的分子结构描述参数，建立定量结构－生物降解性关系模型，其相关系数为０．９３１，利用该模型对预测组质的预测结果表明，此模型对芳香化合物的好氧生物降解性具有良好的预测能力，其正确预测率达８３．３％。     

Between-group contest competition for food in a highly folivorous population of black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza)

In theory, between-group contest (BGC) competition for food can greatly influence female social relationships and reproductive success in primates, but few studies have investigated whether such effects occur and, if so, under what ecological conditions. There is evidence that adult male black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza, “guerezas”) defend the food their mates need against other groups, suggesting that BGC competition is important in this species. Using data on feeding, ranging, vegetation patterns, and intergroup encounters between six neighboring guereza groups, I provide evidence that the highly folivorous guerezas at Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda, engaged in BGC competition over unevenly dispersed, relatively high-quality feeding areas or “core areas”. Intergroup aggression was common, and groups’ home ranges overlapped. Groups were more likely to initiate high-level aggression if they encountered another group within or near their core area, and groups that initiated and won encounters often fed in the same areas in which losing groups had fed. Guerezas fed selectively on species with contagious (clumped) distributions and concentrated their feeding efforts in areas of the forest that contained the most food (core areas). Groups could be ranked in a linear dominance hierarchy, and group rank number was inversely related to the quantity and quality of food in groups’ core areas. This study not only provides good evidence that BGC competition occurs in primates but it also reinforces the idea that folivore food resources may be worth defending.