中国东部季风区末次冰期以来古气候模拟

通过对我国东部季风区现代青土样品孢粉组合与气候因子间的回归分析,分别建立了孢粉组合与一月,七月气温和年降水量的转换函数,进而建立了本区末次冰期以来的孢粉－气候数据库,模拟末次冰期盛冰期,消冰期,全新世前北方期－北方期,大西洋期,亚北方期等五个古气候期的冬季和夏季温度场,降水场。     

量化风险评估(QRA)在海上生产设施风险管理中的应用

本文结合在胜利海区实施的量化风险评估工作，对量化风险评估在海上风险管理中的应用作一个简单的介绍。     

火山岩填料曝气生物滤池的SNAD工艺启动特性及功能菌丰度演替

为研究同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)工艺在浸没式生物滤池反应器(SBAF)内的运行特性,同时接种亚硝化污泥和富集ANAMMOX的填料启动SNAD反应器.结果表明在60 mg·L~(-1)有机物浓度下,自养脱氮和反硝化实现较好的耦合,并在该浓度下稳定运行了67 d,其总氮去除率最高可达92.0%,COD去除率最高达82.9%,最高总氮去除负荷为2.3 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).与全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺相比,SNAD工艺的平均总氮去除率提高了12.6%.荧光定量PCR结果显示,系统启动后AOB菌的丰度有所增长,ANAMMOX菌的丰度增长了1个数量级,而NOB菌和反硝化菌的数量维持在较低水平(小于10~7 copies·g~(-1)),表明以火山岩为填料的浸没式生物滤池反应器有利于ANAMMOX和AOB的协同生长,可快速实现SAND工艺的启动.     

装备可靠性工程实施过程的量化评估研究及实践

目的 为装备可靠性工程实施过程探索一种量化评估方法,改变现有可靠性工作要求不能通过量化评估直观反映装备可靠性工程完成情况的现状。方法 首先对装备可靠性工程中的可靠性管理、可靠性设计与分析、可靠性试验与评估、使用可靠性评估四个方面内容如何实施量化评估开展研究,解决评估工作的主要问题;其次明确评估基本要求,制定量化评估工作流程;最后以典型装备为评估对象,采用上述评估方法和流程为其开展可靠性工程实施过程量化评估工作。结果 通过本次量化评估,反映出该装备在可靠性工程实施过程较为完整和规范,同时也发现该装备可靠性工程实施过程中还需进一步提高和改善的工作项目。结论 通过对典型装备可靠性工程实施过程开展量化评估工作,可更直观地反映该装备可靠性工程实施成效,有针对性地提升型号装备整体质量与可靠性水平,以点带面,也可为同类型装备的可靠性工作提供更好的参考。     

Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon

A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.     

3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃联合毒性的定量构效关系研究

采用细菌生长抑制实验测定了取代芳烃及其混合物对长江水中混合细菌的急性毒性,得到17种单一化合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50)及22组混合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50mix).采用毒性单位法和混合毒性指数法对联合毒性效应进行了定性评价,3,4-二氯苯胺与胺类化合物的联合效应以简单相加或部分相加作用为主,而3,4-二氯苯胺与酚类化合物的联合效应则多表现为协同作用.以化合物的辛醇/水分配系数(lgP)和分子最低空轨道能(ELUMO)为结构描述符,分别建立了单一毒性和联合毒性的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型.所得模型对极性麻醉型化合物和反应性化合物的毒性都具有较强的预测能力,不仅能预测3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃不同配比的二元混合物的联合毒性,也能预测三元和四元混合物的联合毒性.     

Energy's role in the extraversion (dis)advantage: How energy ties and task conflict help clarify the relationship between extraversion and proactive performance

While academic and practitioner literatures have proposed that extraverts are at an advantage in team‐based work, it remains unclear exactly what that advantage might be, how extraverts attain such an advantage, and under which conditions. Theory highlighting the importance of energy in the coordination of team efforts helps to answer these questions. We propose that extraverted individuals are able to develop more energizing relationships with their teammates and as a result are seen as proactively contributing to their team. However, problems in coordination (i.e., team task conflict) can reverse this extraversion advantage. We studied 27 project‐based teams at their formation, peak performance, and after disbandment. Results suggest that when team task conflict is low, extraverts energize their teammates and are viewed by others as proactively contributing to the team. However, when team task conflict is high, extraverts develop energizing relationships with fewer of their teammates and are not viewed as proactively contributing to the team. Our findings regarding energizing relationships and team task conflict clarify why extraversion is related to proactive performance and in what way, how, and when extraverts may be at a (dis)advantage in team‐based work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

植物微体遗存分析在第四纪环境研究中的应用:综述与展望

以孢粉、植硅体等为代表的植物微体遗存由于其分布广泛,容易保存,可反映母体植物类型的优点,在第四纪环境研究中得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了植物微体遗存的概念、常见类型,以及它们的提取方法和原理,综述了利用植物微体遗存重建古环境的传统方法和近年来发展的几种古植被与古气候定量重建方法,最后简述了植物微体遗存在年代测定、稳定同位素分析研究上的应用进展与实例。文末指出了现有研究方法的问题与不足,并对今后的多代用指标的综合研究提出了展望。     

S-Zorb装置的事故失效模式及事故后果模拟分析

对S-Zorb装置各单元在运行过程中可能发生的事故模式进行了分析和归纳。针对其中3种典型的事故形态,运用DNV PHAST后果模拟分析软件进行了事故后果模拟和定量计算,结合装置周边人员及设施分布情况,分析事故可能造成的人员伤亡和设备建筑破坏情况。基于事故模式及事故后果模拟结果,提出了安全对策。