乙醇汽油对减少机动车污染排放的机理研究与分析

以93#国Ⅲ乙醇汽油(E10)、93#国Ⅲ普通汽油和93#国Ⅳ普通汽油为实验对象,对GB18352.3-2005中要求限定的CO、HC和NOx,以及颗粒物(PM)和CO2等主要污染物的排放进行了测量和对比研究,并对CO、HC、PM、NOx、CO2和苯系物等污染物的形成原因和减排机理进行了分析。和93#国Ⅲ普通汽油相比,93#国Ⅲ乙醇汽油(E10)排放的尾气中:CO降低了19.7%,HC降低了16.4%;和93#国Ⅳ普通汽油相比,93#国Ⅲ乙醇汽油(E10)排放的尾气中:CO降低了1.8%,HC降低了12.9%, CO2降低了2.4%。研究表明,乙醇汽油在减少CO、HC、NOx、颗粒物和苯系物等有毒物质排放方面具有显著功效,使用乙醇汽油可以减少环境污染物的排放,显著改善空气质量。     

Influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured flammability limits

There is a clear difference between exiting data on the measured flammability limits of hydrogen-air mixture. The non-uniformity of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air is a contributor to deviations of the upper flammability limit (UFL) and the lower flammability limit (LFL) measured in different experiments. This paper presents a numerical model to simulate the gas mixing process from start to stability, to predict the concentration distribution, and to research the influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured UFLs and LFLs. The commercial software package Fluent was used to carry out the numerical simulation for the concentration distribution of hydrogen in air in the vessels with length-to-diameter ratios (L: D) of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 respectively. Based on the numerical simulation and analysis, the influence of concentration distribution on measured flammability limits was demonstrated for hydrogen in air in the vessel. It is found that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in air are the minimum in the vessel with length-to-diameter ratio of 1:1, and augment with the augmentation of vessel length-to-diameter ratio. Moreover, it is presented that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in the center of the vessel are lower than that in the top and the bottom.     

三维电极电解硝基苯废水处理实验研究

以涂膜活性炭-活性炭为填充粒子,对三维电极电解硝基苯废水进行了研究。通过实验探讨了投盐量、槽电压、主电极间距、反应时间及初始浓度对电解硝基苯废水的影响。结果表明,三维电极在电极间距为9mm、槽电压为20V、硫酸钠投加量为1.5g/L、pH值为6、电解时间为90min的条件下,硝基苯去除率可达90%以上。在三维电极电解作用下,硝基苯转化为可生化和低毒的苯胺,苯胺在三维电极电解作用下还可以得到进一步的降解。     

用配合饲料饲喂乌梢蛇的试验研究

试验选用的乌梢蛇均为亚成蛇，平均体重291．79g。试验分2组进行，试验期45d。对照组用活饵投喂，处理组全程均用配合饲料人工填喂。活饵为泽蛙，人工饵料用鱼肉、明胶、添加剂等配成（粒度规格1—1．5cm^3）。各组饲养条件相同，试验结束时逐组逐个测量体重、体长、尾长，并计算存活率。试验结果表明，人工饵料组的增重、体长、尾长好于对照组，但人工饵料组的存活率低于对照组。     

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

Gender-based comparative toxicity of di-ethyl phthalate in Wistar rats

In recent years, the exposure of humans to phthalate esters through environmental contamination has increased. One among them is di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), which is used as a plastisizer for cellulose ester plastic films and sheets, solid rocket propellants, molded and extruded articles, as a component in insecticide sprays and various other substances, as well as in industrial applications. Release into the environment occurs primarily as a result of production and manufacturing of DEP and during the use and disposal of products containing DEP. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate gender-specific toxicity of DEP in Wistar rats. Rats of both sexes, weighing 125–130?g, were administered 50?ppm (w/v) DEP in water ad libitum for a period of 180 days and were given normal diet. Control animals received normal diet and water ad libitum. During the treatment, rats were weighed every week and water consumption per day was measured. After the completion of treatment, liver weight?:?body weight^?1 ratio, liver weight, body weight^?1, liver and serum enzymes, and other biochemical parameters of liver and serum were assessed. It was observed that there was no significant change in body weight^?1, liver weight, liver weight?: body weight^?1 ratio, and water consumption in both sexes. There were significant increases in liver acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and kidney glutathione levels, and nonsignificant changes in liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in DEP-treated male rats, whereas in DEP-treated female rats the liver showed significant decrease in ALP and SDH and nonsignificant changes in AST, ALT, and LDH activities. Serum ACP and LDH levels in DEP-treated male rats were significantly decreased, and in the case of DEP-treated female rats, only serum LDH levels were significantly decreased. There was no significant change in serum ALP, AST, and SDH levels in DEP-treated male and female rats as compared to control rats. Histology of the livers of both male and female rats showed loss of hepatic architecture, degenerative changes in hepatocytes, and vacuolation in hepatocytes in both the centrilobular and periportal areas. It can be concluded from this study that prolonged exposure to DEP at 50?ppm levels can be harmful to animals and humans. This is evident from the present study as certain significant changes in enzyme activities in the liver, serum, and histological alterations in liver were observed.     

Does the stock market value the inclusion in a sustainability stock index? An event study analysis for German firms

This paper empirically analyzes the effect of the inclusion of German corporations in the Dow Jones STOXX Sustainability Index (DJSI STOXX) and the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI World) on stock performance. In order to receive robust estimation results, we apply an (short-term) event study approach that is based on both a modern asset pricing model, namely the three-factor model according to Fama and French [24], and additionally a t-GARCH(1,1) model. Our empirical results suggest that stock markets may penalize the inclusion of a firm in sustainability stock indexes. This finding is mainly driven by a strongly negative effect of the inclusion in the DJSI World. In contrast, we do not find significant average cumulative abnormal returns for the inclusion in the DJSI STOXX. This suggests that the inclusion in a more visible sustainability stock index may have larger negative impacts.     

Determination of 10 particle-associated multiclass polar and semi-polar pesticides from small streams using accelerated solvent extraction

A new analytical method using accelerated solvent extraction was developed for the determination of 10 particle-associated polar and semipolar pesticides. In addition, six deuterated analogues of the target compounds were evaluated as internal standards. The method yielded acceptable accuracy (73–103% recovery) and precision (<25% relative standard deviation) for eight compounds. Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as cleanup step resulted in higher recoveries compared to solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup.

Deuterated standards with 10 or more deuterium atoms performed well as internal standards concerning similar recovery and correlation with the target analytes.

The method was employed to extract particle-associated pesticides from 16 streams located in an area with intense agriculture in France. Acetochlor, pirimicarb, tebuconazole, fenpropidin, -endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos were detected at concentrations up to 1 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight. A comparison with aquatic toxicity data indicated potential risk to the benthic fauna exposed to these concentrations of pirimicarb, -endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos.

We suggest that the method presented here be used for the extraction and quantitation of particle-associated polar pesticides.     

基于WoS文献计量分析PM2.5研究现状

运用文献计量学的研究方法,以Web of Science(WoS)为数据源,利用Excel软件对1990—2015年发表的相关PM_(2.5)研究的文献进行数据统计与分析,从文献发表年代、主要发文国家/地区、研究机构、期刊分布、热点文献等方面采用定量、定性的方法揭示了目前世界PM_(2.5)的研究进展。结果表明,近10年关于PM_(2.5)研究发文量增长较快,PM_(2.5)研究全球关注度较高,美国无论发文量、总被引频次和H指数都远超过其他国家/地区,体现了美国在PM_(2.5)研究领域的主导地位;PM_(2.5)相关领域的研究机构主要集中在美国和中国(未包含港、澳、台地区数据);文献多发表在相关大气化学与物理学、环境、健康、气溶胶等领域的刊物上;当前研究热点由PM_(2.5)所引发全球关注的生态环境问题转入对人体健康的影响上,且国际合作研究成为发展趋势。中国自2006年以来PM_(2.5)的研究文献增速显著,发文量和累计被引频次位居世界第二,仅低于美国。