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41.
Hwang IH Aoyama H Matsuto T Nakagishi T Matsuo T 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(3):410-416
Hydrothermal treatments using subcritical water (HTSW) such as that at 234 °C and 3 MPa (LT condition) and 295 °C and 8 MPa (HT condition) were investigated to recover solid fuel from municipal solid waste (MSW). Printing paper, dog food (DF), wooden chopsticks, and mixed plastic film and sheets of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were prepared as model MSW components, in which polyvinylchloride (PVC) powder and sodium chloride were used to simulate Cl sources.While more than 75% of carbon in paper, DF, and wood was recovered as char under both LT and HT conditions, plastics did not degrade under either LT or HT conditions. The heating value (HV) of obtained char was 13,886-27,544 kJ/kg and was comparable to that of brown coal and lignite. Higher formation of fixed carbon and greater oxygen dissociation during HTSW were thought to improve the HV of char.Cl atoms added as PVC powder and sodium chloride to raw material remained in char after HTSW. However, most Cl originating from PVC was found to converse into soluble Cl compounds during HTSW under the HT condition and could be removed by washing.From these results, the merit of HTSW as a method of recovering solid fuel from MSW is considered to produce char with minimal carbon loss without a drying process prior to HTSW. In addition, Cl originating from PVC decomposes into soluble Cl compound under the HT condition. The combination of HTSW under the HT condition and char washing might improve the quality of char as alternative fuel. 相似文献
42.
贵阳地区雨水化学与Sr同位素地球化学 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对贵阳地区22个雨水样品的化学组成和Sr同位素的研究表明,贵阳地区大部分雨水样品的pH值小于56(pH=453).雨水中Ca2 是最主要的阳离子,平均值为57μmol·l-1(12—164μmol·l-1),占阳离子组成的64%—87%;Mg2 是次要的阳离子,平均值为13μmol·l-1(5—47μmol·l-1),Ca2 和Mg2 之和占了阳离子组成的78%—96%;K 平均值为11μmol·l-1(2—44μmol·l-1);Na 最少,其平均值为4μmol·l-1(1—8μmol·l-1).SO2-4是最主要的阴离子,平均值为94μmol·l-1(34—279μmol·l-1),占阴离子组成的28%—94%;NO-3是次要的阴离子,平均值为48μmol·l-1(1—252μmol·l-1),SO2-4和NO-3是决定雨水酸度最主要的离子,SO2-4和NO-3之和占阴离子组成的77%—99%;Cl-最少,平均值为20μmol·l-1(1—128μmol·l-1).贵阳地区雨水中Sr的浓度为002—033μmol·l-1,87Sr/86Sr比值较小(0707934—0709080),非海盐来源的87Sr/86Sr比值为0707820—0709078.元素比值及Sr同位素组成辨识出贵阳地区雨水溶质主要来源于人为活动,岩石/土壤化学风化次之,海相输入很小或可以忽略不计. 相似文献
43.
大流量高流速溶洞堵漏技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在岩溶地区的各种工程的施工中,大流量、高流速溶洞的堵漏处理是一大难题。文章介绍了溶洞精确探测技术、堵漏材料、施工工艺上的最新研究成果,并以贵州猫跳河四级窄巷口水电站水库渗漏、贵州三岔河引子渡水电站厂房基坑涌水的处理为实例,介绍了孔间CT精确探测、模袋灌浆等技术的成功应用经验。 相似文献
44.
徐州是严重缺水城市,水资源的匮乏催生了节水措施的开展。结合徐州市某居住小区环境影响报告书中的节水措施,分析其利用雨水资源的可行性和相应的治理措施。 相似文献
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47.
北京市雨水资源综合利用与污染防治——迎绿色奥运,建生态北京 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了国内外雨水收集利用的情况,并针对北京水资源短缺和雨水资源大量浪费的现状,分析了北京市雨水资源收集和综合利用的前景,提出削减污染以及雨水综合利用的相关措施。北京天然雨水较清洁,然而经过在各种下垫面的冲刷后径流水质变差,初期径流污染物的含量相当大,甚至超过地表水环境质量标准的Ⅴ级。建议将初期降雨径流和后期雨水分开对待,将初期径流处理后再利用。 相似文献
48.
雨水中S(Ⅳ)的离子色谱分析及其保护方法的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文研究了用离子色谱法分析雨水中S(Ⅳ)的色谱条件和含S(Ⅳ)样品的保存方法,采用HPIC_ASA分离柱、用2mmol.l^-1Na2CO3/3mmol.l^01NaOH溶液作淋洗液、0.0125mol.l^-1H2SO4为再生液、电导检测的方法,具有无干扰和灵敏度高等优点,而且在S(Ⅵ)的浓度秋-28μg.ml^-1范围内,其浓度与响应值之间呈现出良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数在0.9995以上 相似文献
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50.
Vijayalakshmi Pradeep 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):346-360
The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying repeated batch and continuous degradation of chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate) using Ca-alginate immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida isolated from an agricultural soil, and to study the genes and enzymes involved in degradation. The study was carried out to reduce the toxicity of chlorpyrifos by degrading it to less toxic metabolites. Long-term stability of pesticide degradation was studied during repeated batch degradation of chlorpyrifos, which was carried out over a period of 50 days. Immobilized cells were able to show 65% degradation of chlorpyrifos at the end of the 50th cycle with a cell leakage of 112 × 103 cfu mL?1. During continuous treatment, 100% degradation was observed at 100 mL h?1 flow rate with 2% chlorpyrifos, and with 10% concentration of chlorpyrifos 98% and 80% degradation was recorded at 20 mL h?1 and 100 mL h?1 flow rate respectively. The products of degradation detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis were 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and chlorpyrifos oxon. Plasmid curing experiments with ethidium bromide indicated that genes responsible for the degradation of chlorpyrifos are present on the chromosome and not on the plasmid. The results of Polymerase chain reaction indicate that a ~890-bp product expected for mpd gene was present in Ps. putida. Enzymatic degradation studies indicated that the enzymes involved in the degradation of chlorpyrifos are membrane-bound. The study indicates that immobilized cells of Ps. putida have the potential to be used in bioremediation of water contaminated with chlorpyrifos. 相似文献