升流式厌氧污泥床筛分强度数学模型研究

通过对升流式厌氧污泥床的流动分析，提出了用离散数Ｄ定量地表示筛分强度。通过实验和回归分析，建立了Ｄ与水力负荷（Ｌ）和沼气沼气容积产量（Ｇ）的数学关系：Ｄ＝０．００３３Ｌ＋０．０４５Ｇ＋０．０７３。当Ｄ在０．０８８－０．０９５之间，用生活污水作基质，成功地培养出了颗粒污泥。     

Flow sorting of fetal erythroblasts using intracytoplasmic anti-fetal haemoglobin: Preliminary observations on maternal samples

Monoclonal antibody to fetal haemoglobin (a₂γy₂) has been proposed as a fetal-specific reagent. We developed an intracellular staining protocol that combines fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin conjugated anti-γ with the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 to identify and flow sort fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood. Our preliminary observations on anti-γ-positive cells sorted from four different pregnant women are described here, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific probes to identify fetal cells. Our data demonstrate that far fewer candidate fetal cells are sorted with this protocol than by current cell surface staining methods that employ the monoclonal antibody CD71. This results in increased fetal cell sorting purities. With this protocol, standard FISH techniques require modification due to the rigorous fixation with 4 per cent paraformaldehyde. Our initial data indicate the promise of this approach.     

Intrauterine manometry: Technique and application to fetal pathology

A technique is described for measuring pressure within the amniotic cavity and within fetal vessels and/or body compartments. Two saline-filled catheters were connected at one end to needles inserted during indicated invasive procedures and at the other to silicon strain gauge transducers. In 36 pregnancies with normal liquor volume, stable intra-amniotic pressure (IAP, range 1–14 mmHg) increased with gestation (r=0·48, p<0·01). In pregnancies complicated by severe oligohydramnios, IAP was ≤ 1 mm Hg and rose to normal levels with saline amnioinfusion. Raised IAP (range 17–26 mm Hg), found in pregnancies with gross polyhydramnios, fell with drainage of amniotic fluid. Subtraction manometry was used to determine supra-amniotic pressure within the intervillus space, umbilical vein, umbilical artery, abdominal and thoracic cavities, and the urinary tract in normal and/or pathological fetuses. Low intravesical and intrapelvicalyceal pressures (median 6·5, range 2–10 mmHg) were noted in fetuses with obstructive uropathies. Intrauterine subtraction manometry appears to be a useful tool in the understanding of fetal pathophysiology and may be of clinical benefit in the therapeutic drainage and infusion of amniotic fluid and in the assessment of certain fetal disease states.     

基于风险的检验在高温高压管廊蒸汽管道的应用

高含硫天然气净化装置高温高压管廊蒸汽管道由于不能停车,在现有技术条件下无法开展全面检验,存在安全运行的风险。简述了基于风险的检验技术的基本理念。讨论了蒸汽管道开展基于风险的检验的合规性、损伤模式及机理、风险评估方法和程序。通过综合考虑失效可能性和失效后果,制定最优检验策略并实施,解决了高温高压管廊蒸汽管道到期不能检验的问题,及时发现隐患并整改,确保管道合法合规安全运行。研究结果表明,采用基于风险的检验技术,既能节约大量的停车和检验维修费用,又能有效地提高重点设备管线的安全性和管理水平。     

The safety of fetoscopy: (I). Effect of umbilical vessel puncture on the fetal heart rate and cord histology

The fetal heart rate (FHR) was continuously monitored during 42 umbilical vessel punctures performed at the placental insertion of the cord in 24 diagnostic fetoscopies in which pure fetal blood was obtained. In only one patient did a deceleration first appear during puncture and aspiration of fetal blood. In two patients decelerations preceded fetoscopy and in two others they began during the fetoscopy but before puncture of an umbilical vessel. In 19 patients, the FHR did not change at all during the procedure. Fetal haemorrhage after sampling was either absent or minimal. Six pregnancies were terminated because a positive diagnosis had been made and 18 healthy babies were born. Umbilical cords were examined after 7 terminations of pregnancy and after 6 deliveries. In the former group the puncture could just be seen with the naked eye and the needle track was demonstrated histologically in 6. No traces of the puncture or other abnormalities were found in the cords after delivery. Fetal blood sampling from umbilical cord vessels, particularly at the placental insertion of the cord, is the technique of choice since pure fetal blood can be obtained without increasing the risk of fetoscopy.     

加氢原料缓冲罐串压事故动态模拟研究

通过工艺流程动态模拟,研究某渣油加氢装置在反应进料泵事故紧急停车后,不同工艺设计方案组合条件下,引发高压气体反串到低压原料缓冲罐的事故影响。研究结果表明:泵出口双单向阀和紧急切断阀的设计对降低超压事故的发生有很好的保护作用;切断阀关闭时间越短对原料缓冲罐超压保护越有利;安全阀和缓冲罐的设计条件须与切断阀关闭时间和单向阀数量等设计条件综合考虑。通过动态模拟方法研究工艺操作异常工况,对优化工艺设计,提高本质安全设计有参考价值。     

邢台煤矿矿井水的综合治理及利用

随着开采深度及范围的扩大，邢台煤矿井下高压出水点越来越多，既浪费了大量的排水费用，又对岩溶水环境和水资源造成了严重破坏。针对上述情况，用四种不同的方法分别进行了封堵和重新利用，使矿井减少了４８０ｍ＾３／ｈ的无效排水，经济效益和环保效益均十分明显。     

次声实验系统及其声学性能分析

为了从环境保护和劳动卫生学的角度研究次声对人的影响 ,本研究基于亥姆霍兹谐振器的基本原理研制了一个次声试验系统。该系统由亥姆霍兹谐振器、电声驱动部分和测控分析部分组成 ,通过对该系统的声学性能进行测试和分析 ,确定了系统所能发出的次声频率和次声级范围 ,讨论了系统发出次声时所产生的高次谐波对系统性能的影响及系统的频响特性 ,检验了谐振腔内部次声场空间分布的均匀性 ,结果表明该系统的声学性能是令人满意的 ,能够满足研究次声及其对人影响的实验要求。     

低pH对草鱼血液酸碱平衡的影响

研究了低pH(6.0—4.0)对草鱼血液酸碱平衡、p_(o2)及p_(co2)的影响,结果表明,低pH引起草鱼严重的酸血症.亚致死pH(6.0—5.0)时,血液酸碱平衡的影响主要表现为碱贮备[HCO_3]的丧失,血液pH的明显下降经机体缓冲调节可趋于稳定.致死低pH(4.0)时,血液pN和[HCO_3]下降均非常显著,并在96h内随酸化时间延长而日趋严重.仅在pH≤4.0的酸水中草鱼存在低氧症影响问题.草鱼是一种酸敏感性鱼类,为确保成鱼在天然水体的生存和繁育,水质pH至少应维持在6.0以上.     

新型伞形罩烟气洗涤器的性能研究

针对中小型燃煤锅炉的粉尘和二氧化硫等有害气体的污染问题,开发出一种新型伞形罩烟气洗涤器。以粉煤灰、空气和水为物系,测试了伞形罩烟气洗涤器的压降(ΔP)、除尘效率和动力消耗。实验的入口气速为10～18m/s,含尘浓度为2～22g/m3,液气比(L/G)0～0.8L/m3。结果表明:伞形罩洗涤器的ΔP较小,在250～750Pa范围内;当L/G为0.2L/m3时,除尘效率达98.8%以上,动力消耗约0.06×10-3kW.h/m3(气体约216Pa),实现节能高效的目的。