高压注水中水对瓦斯解吸影响试验研究

为了解高压注水后水对含瓦斯煤中瓦斯解吸的影响,利用自主设计的外液侵入条件下瓦斯解吸试验装置,在环境温度为20℃条件下,分别开展了无水侵入和有水侵入后水对含瓦斯煤中瓦斯解吸影响的对比试验,其瓦斯吸附平衡压力分别为2.5MPa,2.0MPa,1.5MPa,1.0MPa,而环境压力则分别为2.0MPa,1.5MPa,1.0MPa,0.5MPa,瓦斯吸附平衡压力与所处的环境压力之差均为0.5MPa,共进行了四组对比试验,并对试验数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:水的后置侵入不仅会使瓦斯解吸量大大减少,而且还会使瓦斯解吸的终止时间提前。因此,在评价高压注水对提高瓦斯抽采效果时,不仅要考虑高压水对煤层的增透作用以及对瓦斯的驱动作用,还应综合考虑水对瓦斯解吸的损害影响。     

社交媒体的环境关注能改善空气质量吗？

随着移动互联网的快速发展,社交媒体日益成为公众表达对重污染天气等环境问题关注的工具。本研究以微博为例,探讨了社交媒体反映的环境关注对城市PM_2.5浓度水平的影响以及内在机制。研究发现,微博上环境关注的空间分布显示出向高等级和高污染城市聚集的倾向,PM_2.5浓度水平高的地区集中在煤炭资源或重工业集聚的地区。空间回归模型的结果证实了社交媒体的环境关注能显著降低PM_2.5浓度水平,层级较高的城市及创新能力较强的城市能够更好地回应社交媒体的环境关注,并有效降低城市的PM_2.5浓度水平。本研究表明,社交媒体的环境关注已经成为环境治理中的一种重要力量,在分析环境问题时应该充分考虑新兴社交媒体平台的影响。     

粉尘爆炸泄压面积计算及影响因素分析

随着涉粉行业各类企业数量的增长,以及粉尘爆炸产生的巨大危害,企业对粉尘泄爆、防爆越来越重视。在粉尘泄爆方面,泄爆装置的泄放面积影响最大泄爆压力,国内外不同标准的计算方法也有区别,因此针对不同标准的计算方法做出了比较并举例计算说明,为泄爆装置尺寸的选择提供理论依据。     

狭长空间建筑内细水雾幕对顶棚射流火焰抑制效果试验研究*

为研究狭长空间内细水雾幕对顶棚射流火焰的抑制效果,通过全尺寸试验研究不同工作压力对射流火焰蔓延形态、雾幕隔热效果及烟气沉降的影响。研究结果表明:随着工作压力的增加,雾滴的动量随之增大,雾幕对射流火焰的扰动作用增强,强化雾幕对射流火焰的阻挡效果;同时,雾幕的隔热效率有明显改善,2.5 MPa时的细水雾幕的隔热效率可达0.75。然而,过大的工作压力会造成烟气层的沉降,工作压力大于2.0 MPa时保护区内烟气层高度低于1.8 m。因此,应综合考虑细水雾幕对射流火焰和烟气的作用,选择适当的工作压力。     

基于沿江开发建设的生态安全格局研究——以九江市为例

随着长江沿江开发的不断深入，区域生态安全与开发建设的矛盾也越来越突出。以九江市沿江开发建设活动与区域生态系统空间结构、生态服务功能相互作用为理念，通过遥感、GIS技术手段，划分小流域单元。并将这些单元作为空间分析与评价的基础，选择工业集中区、城镇居民地、路网布局作为自然生态环境的影响因子或施压因子，以河流级别、湖泊数量和面积、地貌类型、坡度、植被覆盖程度、重要生态功能区类别等作为承压因子，综合叠加形成生态环境压力区划。并以此为基础，构建由5个生态源区和9条生态隔离、缓冲、生物多样性保护廊道组成的生态空间安全体系，用以减缓生态环境压力、消纳水气及土壤污染、稳定区域生态、推进沿江开发建设，实现生态保护空间与区域经济社会发展空间的有序融合，并对重要生态功能保护区提出管制的要求与措施。     

常压热水锅炉的问题分析

详细地分析了常压热水锅炉在制造、安装、使用中出现的问题，有针对性地提出了可行的整改措施。     

Significantly higher number of fetal cells in the maternal circulation of women with pre-eclampsia

Although the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia is unknown, several studies have indicated that abnormal placentation early in pregnancy might play a key role. It has recently been suggested that this abnormal placentation may result in transfusion of fetal cells (feto-maternal transfusion) in women with pre-eclampsia. In the present study, fetal nucleated red blood cells were isolated from 20 women with pre-eclampsia and 20 controls using a very efficient magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) protocol. The number of male cells was determined using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for X and Y chromosomes. Significantly more XY cells could be detected in women with pre-eclampsia (0.61±1.2 XY cells/ml blood) compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies (0.02±0.04 XY cells/ml blood) (Mann–Whitney U-test, p<0.001). These results suggest that fetal cell trafficking is enhanced in women with pre-eclampsia, and this finding may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ecological pressures on grassland ecosystems and their conservation strategies in Northern China

In this study,we identified ecological pressures on grassland ecosystems and adaptive countermeasures in Northern China.Our research revealed that the main sources of these pressures included population growth,economic development,resources exploitation,and global climate change,with human-related activities being overriding factors.Overgrazing was an important reason for grassland imbalance,causing soil erosion and desertification,especially during the sensitive spring greening phase.In steppe zones,commercial coal mining was destructive to the ecological environment.Regarding long-term strategies,we recommend that policy-makers devote more consideration to a new conceptual approach for transforming grasslands through shifting the focus from die grassland’s traditional production functions to meir ecological functions.Applying this concept,adaptive countermeasures should be developed to reduce human impacts based on the environmental capacities of grasslands.Moreover,we recommend the development of environment-friendly industries and reduction of pressures from human activities as effective measures for maintaining the balance between sustainable economic development and grassland conservation.Lastly,we suggest that restoration of degraded grasslands should conform to the principle of natural vegetation to further improve the ecological adaptability of plants and ecosystem stability.This study is expected to provide scientific support for policy-makers engaged in grassland protection.     

连续测量大气·OH的化学电离飞行时间质谱仪的研制

搭建了一套化学电离飞行时间质谱仪用于连续测量大气·OH.该仪器采用了基于63Ni放射源的双管正交式结构大气压化学电离源电离大气中的·OH,最大程度地避免了试剂气体电离及滴定、转化反应间的相互干扰.63Ni放射源首先电离HNO3试剂气体得到试剂离子NO-3,·OH在反应管中与SO2反应最终转化为H2SO4,NO-3与H2SO4发生化学电离反应生成HSO-4离子,进入到质谱仪中进行检测,通过测量NO-3与HSO-4离子的强度,利用化学电离反应方程可直接计算出大气中OH的浓度.所研制仪器用于实验室内·OH的在线检测,在5 s内测得·OH的浓度为1.6×106个·cm-3,实验结果显示该仪器可用于原位连续测量大气中的超痕量自由基.