稀土元素的脑部蓄积性、毒性及其对人群健康的潜在危害

论述了稀土元素在动物脑部的蓄积性、对脑的毒性以及稀土区人群的脑部毒性效应,分析了稀土农业应用和稀土厂“三废”对生态环境和人群健康的潜在危害。     

纳米二氧化钛与磷互作对莱茵衣藻砷累积与生物转化的影响

纳米材料因其较大的比表面积以及较强的反应活性,对砷（As）的环境行为具有一定的调控作用,而这可能对微藻As吸收代谢产生潜在的影响。以模式生物莱茵衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）为研究对象,探究不同磷酸盐（PO₄ ³⁻）浓度下,纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO₂）对莱茵衣藻中As(Ⅴ)累积和生物转化的影响。结果表明：暴露初期（第1天）nano-TiO₂作为载体显著促进了0.013、0.100和0.500 mmol/L PO₄ ³⁻处理组藻细胞对As的累积,但随着暴露时间的延长,nano-TiO₂的载体效应呈下降趋势;暴露结束后（第8天）,nano-TiO₂添加组中,进入藻细胞的As(Ⅴ)除了还原成As(Ⅲ)及甲基化成二甲基砷外,还能进一步转化为一种可能为砷糖的未知化合物,且随着PO₄ ³⁻浓度的降低,藻细胞内这种砷糖所占比例逐渐增加,这可能会抑制As(Ⅲ)的外排;暴露结束后（第8天）,培养基中主要检测到的As形态为As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ),1.0和0.5 mmol/L处理组还有少量二甲基砷。nano-TiO₂的添加降低了培养基中As(Ⅲ)的浓度,尤其是0.5和1.0 mmol/L PO₄ ³⁻处理组。研究结果表明,纳米材料与PO₄ ³⁻的互作可显著改变微藻As的累积与代谢过程。

     

Evaluating unintended consequences of intentional species introductions and eradications for improved conservation management

Increasingly intensive strategies to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function are being deployed in response to global anthropogenic threats, including intentionally introducing and eradicating species via assisted migration, rewilding, biological control, invasive species eradications, and gene drives. These actions are highly contentious because of their potential for unintended consequences. We conducted a global literature review of these conservation actions to quantify how often unintended outcomes occur and to elucidate their underlying causes. To evaluate conservation outcomes, we developed a community assessment framework for systematically mapping the range of possible interaction types for 111 case studies. Applying this tool, we quantified the number of interaction types considered in each study and documented the nature and strength of intended and unintended outcomes. Intended outcomes were reported in 51% of cases, a combination of intended outcomes and unintended outcomes in 26%, and strictly unintended outcomes in 10%. Hence, unintended outcomes were reported in 36% of all cases evaluated. In evaluating overall conservations outcomes (weighing intended vs. unintended effects), some unintended effects were fairly innocuous relative to the conservation objective, whereas others resulted in serious unintended consequences in recipient communities. Studies that assessed a greater number of community interactions with the target species reported unintended outcomes more often, suggesting that unintended consequences may be underreported due to insufficient vetting. Most reported unintended outcomes arose from direct effects (68%) or simple density-mediated or indirect effects (25%) linked to the target species. Only a few documented cases arose from more complex interaction pathways (7%). Therefore, most unintended outcomes involved simple interactions that could be predicted and mitigated through more formal vetting. Our community assessment framework provides a tool for screening future conservation actions by mapping the recipient community interaction web to identify and mitigate unintended outcomes from intentional species introductions and eradications for conservation.     

金沙江丰富类和稀有类浮游真核微生物的分布特征与影响因素

浮游真核微生物通常由少数丰富类和大量稀有类组成,二者在维持水生生态系统健康稳定方面具有重要作用.目前对大型筑坝河流中这两类真核微生物的生物地理分布模式所知甚少.以我国西南梯级水电开发河流金沙江为研究区域,对比分析丰富类和稀有类浮游真核微生物在不同河段的分布特征,解析影响两类微生物空间分布的主导因素.结果表明,相比上游自然河段,金沙江浮游真核微生物的α多样性在梯级大坝河段显著升高,稀有类的α多样性增长比高于丰富类.浮游真核丰富类和稀有类微生物的群落组成在不同河段间存在显著差异,其中Vermamoeba属等优势属的相对丰度在两河段间同样存在明显差异.影响丰富类和稀有类浮游真核微生物群落组成的关键地化因子有海拔和pH等,两类微生物群落相似性与地理距离和环境异质性均符合距离衰减关系,其群落构建均受扩散限制和环境筛选共同影响;方差分解分析和偏Mantel检验结果显示扩散限制是影响丰富类和稀有类分布的主要驱动因素.研究结果为我国西南缺资料区水电开发河流中微生物的地理分布模式和生态响应提供数据支持.     

重庆市煤矸山周边农产品镉健康风险评价及土壤环境基准值推导

以重庆市煤矸山周边农用地土壤和农产品（玉米和水稻）为研究对象,测定土壤和农产品（玉米和水稻）中Cd含量,评估摄入农产品（玉米和水稻）对人体的潜在健康风险,并基于物种敏感性分布法（SSD）推导土壤环境基准值.结果表明,重庆煤矸山周边旱地土壤Cd含量超风险筛选值的点位占55.8%,水田土壤Cd含量超风险筛选值的点位占31.6%,土壤Cd以较高生态危害和高生态危害为主,分别占47.4%和36.8%.玉米Cd含量超标点位占4.4%,水稻Cd含量均未超标.健康风险评价表明因食用玉米和水稻摄入Cd的非致癌健康风险可忽略,食用玉米摄入Cd存在可耐受致癌健康风险,食用水稻摄入Cd存在不可耐受致癌健康风险,且玉米和水稻Cd含量敏感度最高.SSD推导出煤矸山周边旱地土壤在pH≤5.5、5.57.5时Cd的环境基准值分别为0.491、0.382、0.376和0.588 mg ·kg^-1,水田土壤Cd的环境基准值为0.807 mg ·kg^-1.水田土壤和旱地土壤pH≤7.5时,现行土壤标准（GB 15618-2018）相对偏严;旱地土壤pH>7.5时,现行土壤标准（GB 15618-2018）相对偏宽松.应加强煤矸山周边土壤Cd污染防治和农产品安全利用研究,并对土壤Cd环境基准值进行适当调整.     

城市生态环境质量调控能力设计--以北京市温榆河生物通道设计为例

以北京市温榆河生物通道设计为例,提出建设生态城市的关键是提高城市自身的环境质量调控能力,其设计应注重2个方面:①把以植物为主体的、具有合理异质性并达到一定面积的自然组分作为控制性组分,并保证其持久存在;②要保证"物种流"在城市景观内的顺畅流动。      

Complex behaviour of trivalent rare earth elements by humic acids

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Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River

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