浅析热冲击对自增强反应器的影响

自增强反应器在服役期间，其残余应力会因开停车循环载荷作用，温度、压力的波动及管内介质发生超温分解反应引起的热冲击等因素的作用而衰减，为了比较系统地探讨热冲击引起的自增强残余应力衰减机理和管材损伤机理，本从研究管式反应器受热冲击作用时的应力响应出发，建立相应数学模型，得到了应力随时间变化曲线，应力随半径变化曲线，通过分析得出了热冲击发生时产生的动态应力和异常高温是引起残余应力松弛和材质发生相变和老化的主要原因。     

生物膜反应器脱氮性能及其硝化细菌的研究

采用模拟含氮废水对自行设计制作的A/O生物膜反应器进行脱氮性能研究。研究结果表明：在水温为20～23℃、水力停留时间为18h、进水总氮质量浓度为61～78m g/L、曝气量为25L/min、进水COD分别为110～165m g/L和205～272m g/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率均在90%以上,硝化率分别为98%和95%,总氮去除率分别为50%和78%。采用荧光原位杂交技术对反应器各区域中的硝化细菌进行了检测。结果表明,反应器中的硝化菌主要为亚硝化螺菌属和硝化螺菌属,有少量亚硝化单胞菌属和硝化杆菌属存在。亚硝化菌和硝化菌在好氧区数量相对较多,在缺氧区数量相对较少。     

常温厌氧流化床处理高浓度有机废水实验研究

本文对常温(25℃±3℃)条件下低密度载体厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器处理高浓度有机废水进行了研究。实验结果表明:采用好氧预挂膜快速排泥法可加快反应器的启动,低密度载体可有效降低反应器运行能耗,有机物去除效果良好。     

嵩屿电厂烟气SCR脱硝工艺及特点分析

介绍了厦门嵩屿电厂4×300MW燃煤机组烟气选择性催化还原法(SCR)脱硝工程所选用的工艺,分析了SCR脱硝系统的主要技术特点,为日益增多的同类型脱硝装置的工艺设计与设备选型提供一定的借鉴。     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Neural-fuzzy control system application for monitoring process response and control of anaerobic hybrid reactor in wastewater treatment and biogas production

Based on the developed neural-fuzzy control system for anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) in wastewater treatment and biogas production, the neural network with backpropagation algorithm for prediction of the variables pH, alkalinity (Alk) and total volatile acids (TVA) at present day time t was used as input data for the fuzzy logic to calculate the influent feed flow rate that was applied to control and monitor the process response at di erent operations in the initial, overload influent feeding and the recovery phases. In all three phases, this neural-fuzzy control system showed great potential to control AHR in high stability and performance and quick response. Although in the overloading operation phase II with two fold calculating influent flow rate together with a two fold organic loading rate (OLR), this control system had rapid response and was sensitive to the intended overload. When the influent feeding rate was followed by the calculation of control system in the initial operation phase I and the recovery operation phase III, it was found that the neural-fuzzy control system application was capable of controlling the AHR in a good manner with the pH close to 7, TVA/Alk < 0.4 and COD removal > 80% with biogas and methane yields at 0.45 and 0.30 m3/kg COD removed.     

Hydraulic characteristics of an anaerobic ba ed reactor as onsite wastewater treatment system

The feasibility of using anaerobic ba ed reactor (ABR) as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed. The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under di erent peak flow factors (PFF of 1 to 6), superficial gas velocities (between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) (24, 36 and 48 hr). Residence time distribution (RTD) analyses were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR. It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space. The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1, 2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase (26%) at PFF of 6. Superficial gas velocities did not result in more (biological) dead space. The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completelymixed reactor when PFF increased. Superficial gas velocities did not a ect mixing pattern. The e ects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT (48 hr). The tank-in-series (TIS) model (N = 4) was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system. The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under di erent flow patterns, introducing satisfactory hydraulic e ciency. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%, respectively. The standard deviation of e uent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L.     

UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能研究

UASB及其衍生反应器是厌氧生物处理技术中最重要的处理工艺和处理装置,在有机废水处理中发挥着重要作用。在对UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能进行比较分析的基础上,研究了影响UASB反应器运行性能的主要控制因素,并对其工艺发展进行了探讨,以利于对UASB及其衍生反应器的科学选择和厌氧处理工艺的创新研究。     

造纸法烟草薄片生产废水的处理

利用厌氧反应器技术＋高效絮凝处理造纸法烟草薄片生产废水,CODCr可从6000mg／L降到2000mg／L以下,再用去除率高达90％的SBR序批式反应器技术进行深度处理,废水经处理可达标排放（CODCr≤100mg／L）。     

UASB处理高浓度硫酸盐废水启动过程污泥特性变化

跟踪比较一套处理高浓度硫酸盐污水的UASB反应器从启动驯化到稳定运行的243 d内污泥特性的变化.结果显示颗粒污泥的形成与生物活性直接影响反应器的处理效率.反应器启动初期颗粒污泥的平均粒径由种泥的1.82 mm减少至0.99 mm;随着负荷增加、水力停留时间缩短,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈逐步增长趋势.采用N2吹脱反应器内产生的H_2S,N_2流量为60 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥的平均粒径快速增长至1.51 mm;N_2流量为100 mL·min~(-1)时,颗粒污泥平均粒径呈现下降趋势;N_2连续吹脱使得反应器内不同高度污泥的平均粒径趋于接近.污泥中活性微生物的量(MLVSS)在启动初期先降后升,升至33.59 g·L~(-1)之后平稳增长到49.72 g·L~(-1),活性污泥中微生物所占悬浮固体量的比例(MLVSS/MLSS)也呈相同的变化趋势,先下降后升至0.36之后平稳升至0. 50;相关性分析表明,反应器硫酸盐还原效率与MLVSS呈显著正相关(r=0.918,p=0.003),驯化过程中SO_4~(2-)还原效率为30%～95%.电镜分析表明,接种时颗粒污泥表面粗糙,结构松散,多为丝状菌、杆菌、球菌;驯化后颗粒污泥表面光滑内部微生物结构紧密,菌群密集,多为弧菌、杆菌.硫酸盐还原反应器驯化过程中负荷、水力停留时间、反应器内水力上升流速、以及N2吹脱强度和时间都影响颗粒污泥粒径的变化;污泥中菌群组成的变化也可能是影响颗粒污泥粒径变化因素之一.