生物膜反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能研究

利用厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器,分别研究提高基质浓度和缩短水力停留时间(HRT)对提高反应器总氮容积去除负荷的影响。实验之前总氮容积去除负荷达到2.11kgN(/m·3d),总氮去除率为87.9%。以提高基质浓度的方式经过50d的培养,总氮容积去除负荷稳定在4.0kgN(/m·3d),进水总氮浓度从300mg/L逐渐提高到700mg/L,NH4+-N、NO2--N出水浓度分别达到70mg/L和100mg/L;以缩短HRT的方式经过55d的培养,总氮容积去除负荷达到7.0kgN(/m·3d),HRT由3h缩短至0.67h,NH4+-N、NO2--N出水浓度分别达到40mg/L和60mg/L。实验结果表明随着进水基质浓度的增加水中游离氨和亚硝酸的浓度随之增加,从而抑制厌氧氨氧化菌活性,不利于反应器脱氮效能的提高。在相同总氮容积负荷下缩短HRT有利于厌氧氨氧化细菌的富集,但过短的HRT容易导致微生物流失。     

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using an integrated system of a new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed reactor and micrometer Gd-doped TiO2 particles

A new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor (GLSCFBPR) with internally placed multi-layered UV lamps was developed. Micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles and commercial nanometer P25-TiO₂ were chosen as the photocatalysts, and the hazardous substance bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as the model pollutant to investigate the performance of this new photocatalytic system. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles was similar to that of the nanometer P-25 particles at their respective optimum dosage but the former could be easily separated out by gravity. After investigating the effects of process parameters on the photocatalytic BPA degradation, the response surface method (RSM) was further used for process optimization. The interactions among process parameters, i.e., TiO₂ concentration, superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity were discovered and a related analysis was carried out to explore the underlying mechanism. A quadratic mathematic model was established and performed satisfactorily when used for prediction. The optimum conditions for this new process were as follows: TiO₂ concentration 4.5 g/L, superficial gas velocity 7.83 × 10^-3 m/sec and superficial liquid velocity 8.65 × 10^-3 m/sec.     

柠檬酸废水处理工艺--IC厌氧反应器和好氧生化技术

介绍了ＩＣ厌氧反应器的运行管理、启动情况、运行结果，介绍了兼氧－好氧生化技术并提出了进一步改进的措施，柠檬酸废水通过ＩＣ厌氧反应器和兼氧一好氧技术工艺流程，达到污水综合排放标准中的二级标准。     

Electrochemical oxidation of recalcitrant organic compounds in biologically treated municipal solid waste leachate in a flow reactor

Biologically-treated municipal solid waste （MSW） leachate still contains many kinds of bit-recalcitrant organic matter. A new plate and frame electrochemical reactor was designed to treat these materials under flow conditions. In the electrochemical oxidation process, NH3 and color could be easily removed by means of electro-generated chlorinefaypochlorite within 20 min. The effects of major process parameters on the removal of organic pollutants were investigated systematically. Under experimental conditions, the optimum operation parameters were current density of 65 mA/cm^2, flow velocity of 2.6 cm/sec in electrode gap, and initial chloride ion concentration of 5000 mg/L. The COD in the leachate could be reduced below 100 mg/L after 1 hr of treatment. The kinetics and mechanism of COD removal were investigated by simultaneously monitoring the COD change and chlorine/hypochlorite production. The kinetics of COD removal exhibited a two-stage kinetic model, and the decrease of electro-generated chlorine/hypochlorite production was the major mechanism for the slowing down of the COD removal rate in the second stage. The narrowing of the electrode gap is beneficial for COD removal and energy consumption.     

常温处理生活污水微氧高效颗粒污泥反应器内颗粒污泥性能研究

为了分析微氧高效颗粒污泥反应器(EGSB反应器)在环境温度下处理实际生活污水时高效稳定运行的可行性,对15~26℃常温处理实际生活污水微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥活性、沉淀性能、粒径分配、形态等进行研究.结果表明,15~26℃常温处理实际生活污水微氧EGSB反应器稳定运行时颗粒污泥沉速在11~79m·h-1之间,低沉速污泥有少量上浮至三相分离器底部甚至三相分离器上部,但没有出现污泥的流失,污泥浓度达到28g·L-1（以MLSS计）,可获得93.4%、83.8%、74.7%和44.0%的高COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP去除率;污泥产甲烷活性并没有降低,甚至比单纯厌氧时还有所偏高;颗粒污泥的平均粒径增大,主要集中0.63~2.00mm之间,质量分数达到了89%,既能保证反应器内的高污泥浓度,又能保证污染物质向颗粒表面和颗粒内部的高效传质,提高污染物质的转化率.颗粒污泥不同层面上微生物菌群发生了很大变化,外层丝状菌占优势,内层杆菌、丝状菌、球菌混生.微生物菌群排列紧密,细胞间紧密结合,集群协同作用使代谢物质能够以最短距离高效传递,保证了微氧EGSB反应器在常温、低浓度下的高效稳定运行.     

制革废水的厌氧氨氧化ABR脱氮工艺研究

采用小试规模的厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)研究制革废水的厌氧氨氧化脱氮.结果表明,ABR可作为实现厌氧氨氧化的良好反应器,厌氧氨氧化ABR反应器能有效和稳定地处理制革废水.当进水NH+4-N为25.0~76.2 mg·L-1、COD为131~237 mg·L-1,NH+4-N容积负荷为0.05~0.15 kg·(m3·d)-1时,出水NH+4-N为0.20~7.12 mg·L-1、COD为35.1~69.2mg·L-1,去除率分别达到90.8%~99.6%和66.9%~74.7%.此外,厌氧氨氧化ABR反应器污泥在驯化和运行过程中形成了棕红色、棕黄色和红色的颗粒污泥.电镜扫描观察证实在厌氧氨氧化ABR反应器的4个隔室的颗粒污泥中均存在厌氧氨氧化菌.荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测结果显示厌氧氨氧化菌在驯化和运行过程中出现不同程度的增殖,厌氧氨氧化ABR反应器4个隔室的污泥中厌氧氨氧化菌所占比率分别由4%增加到9%、8%、12%和30%,呈现出前段隔室少、后段隔室多的分布规律.     

气浮-水解酸化-UBF—SBR工艺处理硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水的试验研究

抗生素工业废水具有成分复杂、污染物浓度高、色度大、生物毒性等特点,比较难于治理,硫酸卷曲霉素是常用的抗生素之一,除具备抗生素污水上述特点外,还存在pH值波动范围大,水质、水量不均,SO4^2-浓度高等问题,研究采用气浮-水解酸化-UBF—SBR工艺处理含有硫酸卷曲霉素的污水,在进水COD浓度6000mg／L-20000mg,／L、SS浓度3000mg／L-8000mg／L的条件下,通过优化气浮药剂用量、水解酸化池废水停留时间、UBF池的客积负荷、SBR池的污泥负荷等处理工艺,使出水水质能够达到COD〈150mg／L、BOD5〈50mg／L、NH3-N〈20mg／L。     

新型厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能及过程动力学特性的研究

对新型厌氧氨氧化折流板反应器的启动和运行性能进行了研究,并对其过程动力学特性进行了分析.试验中采用了两种启动策略：一是固定水力停留时间（HRT）（24h）并逐步提高进水基质浓度,二是固定进水浓度并逐步缩短HRT.结果显示后者（低基质浓度高水力负荷）更利于厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动.当厌氧氨氧化反应成功启动后,消耗的氨氮亚硝...     

厌氧UASB－好氧工艺处理染料废水的研究

报道厌氧,好氧工艺处理染料废水的试验结果,厌氧段采用ＵＡＳＢ反应器,好氧段采用普通活性污泥法。试验结果表明,进水ＣＯＤ１１５０－１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ色度５００倍的染料废水,在厌氧段停留６－１０ｈ,可获得６０％以上的ＣＯＤ去除率,色度降到５０－１００倍,后续曝气６ｈ,总ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％－９０％,色度降至２０倍左右,进出水的光谱分析揭示,染料废水的脱色主要发生在厌氧段,并且通过生物降解作用来实现。从     

磺胺甲唑对海水养殖废水处理过程中抗性细菌及抗性基因的富集作用

抗生素在海水养殖过程中大量使用,但仅有少部分被生物体利用,含有抗生素的废水进入水处理系统后,抗生素、抗性菌和抗性基因的响应过程尚不完全清楚.应用缺氧/好氧移动床生物膜反应器（A/O-MBBR）处理含磺胺甲唑（SMX）的海水养殖废水,探究在SMX选择压力下,反应器内抗生素和抗性基因丰度的变化规律,以及微生物群落和可培养的抗性细菌种群的响应.结果表明,在进水SMX浓度为500 μg·L^-1,水力停留时间为8 h,SMX加入初期会对NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N的去除率有轻微影响,随后逐步恢复;同时去除约32%的SMX,且78%以上SMX在缺氧区完成;抗性基因在缺氧区富集明显高于好氧区,在缺氧区磺胺类抗性基因（sul1）绝对丰度上升2.43 log,磺胺类抗性基因（sul2）上升1.71 log;而在好氧区,sul1 绝对丰度上升1.17 log,sul2 上升0.91 log.抗性平板培养结合高通量测序表明,假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）在反应器可培养抗性细菌中占最优势.高通量测序分析发现可培养的抗性细菌假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）在反应器内占比最高.表明含SMX的海水养殖废水可促进水中抗性基因的富集,部分抗性细菌的数量显著增加.