水解酸化对感光胶片废水生化反应动力学系数的影响

采用水解酸化工艺可有效地提高工业废水中难生物降解有机物的可生化性,为后续好氧生化处理创造有利条件。本试验在对感光胶片废水采用水解酸化－活性污泥法工艺和常规活性污泥法进行平行对照试验的基础上,从生化反应动力学系数的角度研究水解酸化过程对好氧生化反应的影响。研究结果表明：经水解酸化处理后,在该废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ比值从０４６－０４８提高至０５４－０５６的同时,后续活性污泥系统的动力学半速度数Ｋｓ从常规活性污泥法的４５９毫克／升下降至１０３毫克／升,最大比降解速度Ｋ从３０／日上升至５０／日,可用于表征该工业废水可生化性和后续好氧化物处理效果改善和提高的程度。     

铁碳微电解预处理制药废水的实验研究

采用铁碳微电解的方法对高浓度的制药废水进行预处理,考察了反应时间、铁碳比、pH值因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,反应时间为100min,铁碳体积比为1：1,pH为4时,效果最佳,CODcr的去除率可达到50．52％,同时BOD5／CODcr也由原水的不足0．1上升到0．32,可生化性得到提高。     

臭氧氧化法在活性污泥减量化中的应用初步研究

文章研究了臭氧氧化在污泥减量化中的效果,考察了氧化时间、污泥初始浓度和臭氧投加量等影响因素。结果表明采用臭氧氧化法不仅能使污泥减量,而且废水处理后可生化性显著提高。氧化时间及臭氧投加量增加,总COD去除率和可生化性也随之提高。     

中试规模ABR反应器提高印染废水的可生化性

采用厌氧折流式反应器（ABR）处理印染废水.结果表明,在其他条件不做人为改变的前提下,保证PH为9左右,温度处于25℃时,水力停留时间（HRT）会明显影响出水的BOD5/CODcr（以下简写为B/C）.在HRT为10h,8.5h,12h,14h,16h,15h出水B/C均值为0.23,0.21,0.25,0.28,0.27,0.30.在HRT为15h,出水的BOD5/CODcr值明显提高,实现了可生化性的有效改善.从运行管理的经济性和提高出水的可生化性考虑,处理印染废水的HRT选择15 h为佳.     

抗生素化学合成生产废水可生化性改善试验研究

采用水解酸化与Fenton试剂分别处理高浓度抗生素化学合成废水的厌氧出水,并采用MBR验证其生化性的改善。试验表明:在废水ρ(COD)平均为4 084 mg/L时,水解酸化COD去除率平均为26.2%,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)从0.23提高到0.31,但无法保证MBR出水ρ(COD)<120 mg/L。Fenton试剂反应条件为:ρ(H2O2)=5 000 mg/L,ρ(Fe2+)=4 000 mg/L,pH=7,反应时间1 h,COD去除率达50%。混合废水经MBR处理后,出水ρ(COD)平均为98.4 mg/L,可稳定达《制药工业水污染物排放标准》。     

有机污染物生物降解性预测模型

生物降解性是评估污染物环境持久性的重要依据,也是化学品是否获准生产及进入市场的评价指标。采用17位生物降解领域专家评估的生物降解等级数据,通过功能树(FT)算法建立了包含15个分子结构参数的初级生物降解和最终生物降解预测模型。外部验证结果表明,模型具有较好的预测准确性,初级生物降解性加权准确度(weighted accuracy,WA):训练集WA=84.1%,验证集WA=78.9%;最终生物降解性WA:训练集WA=91.0%;验证集WA=83.6%。预测正确性对化合物的杠杆值作图,表征了生物降解性模型的应用域。     

Reductive transformation and detoxification mechanism of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in combined zero valent iron and anaerobic-aerobic process

A combined zero valent iron (ZVI) and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated. After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene (DACB). The ratio of BOD₅/COD increased from 0.005 ± 0.001 to 0.168 ± 0.007, while EC_{50, 48 hr} (V/V) increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC_{50, 48 hr} increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5 ± 10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.     

Persistence and Dissipation of Readymix Formulations of Insecticides In/On Okra Fruits

Dissipation behaviour of ready mix polytrin C 44EC (profenophos 40% + cypermethrin 4%) and spark 36EC (triazophos 35%+.deltamethrin 1%) applied at 1 L/ha in okra crop during Kharif in year 2000 was studied at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. Dissipation on 7th day was found to be maximum (98.4%) for profenophos followed by triazophos (86.2%), cypermethrin (73.5%) and deltamethrin (55.7%). Half life (t1/2) values for the above insecticides were 1.35, 2.55, 4.11 and 7.60 days, respectively. All the insecticides followed a first order kinetics. Profenophos and triazophos followed a biphasic dissipation pattern with faster dissipation in phase I (0–1 days) and manifesting slower rate of dissipation in phase II (1–7 days).     

污泥性质的重要影响物质-胞外聚合物(EPS)

介绍了胞外聚合物的产生和组成(多聚糖,蛋白质,少量DNA,脂和腐质酸等);胞外聚合物在污泥处理系统中对污泥的絮凝性能、沉降性能、脱水性能及重金属吸附性能的影响;以及胞外聚合物本身的生物降解性。胞外聚合物在废水生物处理中发挥着重要作用。     

焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的厌氧生物降解特性

在试验室条件下,采用厌氧间歇试验,分别研究了焦化废水中几种有代表性的难降解有机物——喹啉、吲哚、吡啶、联苯的厌氧生物降解特性.文中突出了以厌氧预处理改善焦化废水中难降解有机物生物降解性的工程实用背景,对这四种有机物的厌氧处理的动力学特性、共基质作用、厌氧处理下去除效果的改善等,进行了较为深入的研究.