特许物权变动中寻租行为的衍生路径及抑制

特许物权是自然资源用益物权。特许物权变动是指特许物权的设立、变更和终止行为。自然资源的稀缺性特征是为其变动过程被政府管制的重要原因,我国法律即采取特许物权变动行政许可制度,是国家为减少自然资源开发中的外部性问题而对私人权益实施的强制性干预。特许物权变动行政许可制度弱化特许物权人的最大化收益,产生了价格不菲的经济租。部分特许物权人为了谋求自身利益的最大化,会做出各种努力旨在影响特许物权变动中行政许可的向度与强度。一旦寻租行为得逞,自然资源的法定变动路径将备受扭曲,社会总体福利下降。寻租行为在特许物权变动中的发生类型呈现出独占型寻租和竞争型寻租两种,但其有着共同的衍生路径。追踪寻租行为的发生脉路,可以洞察到自然资源特许物权变动中寻租衍生的特殊动因。可以通过合理化特许物权结构、规范特许物权变动秩序和强化行政许可权力制衡力度等措施来对寻租的动因加以有效抑制。     

Hearing Protectors: Topicality and Research Needs

Occupational noise specialists do not generally recommend hearing protection devices (HPDs) as a preferred solution to noise risk prevention. Nevertheless, these devices are widely used and are in fact often necessary. Selection of an HPD should take into account comfort and the capacity for perceiving external signals, when they are worn. Current European regulations require that HPD attenuation be considered, when comparing noise exposure to limit values. However, HPD attenuation is effectively unknown under real-world conditions. Some methods are designed to give approximate attenuation values and these provide results within a wide statistical range. Field measurement methods and current standards have been developed to deal with this situation. The specific characteristic of impulse noise requires establishment of dedicated criteria and tools for HPD selection and testing. This paper introduces a number of avenues for research, which could be of assistance in improving HPD selection, qualification and design.     

房地产投资对区域可持续发展的影响及对策

房地产投资对区域可持续发展的影响涉及生态可持续、经济可持续和社会可持续三方面的内容，在对其具体内容和所存在的问题加以分析后，提出相应的发展对策。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术对氨氧化细菌的研究

传统的PCR技术只能实现对核酸的定性检测而无法对其进行定量研究。随着分子生物学技术的发展,在传统PCR技术的基础上发展起来的实时荧光定量PCR技术实现了对核酸的定量研究。该技术是向常规PCR反应体系中加入荧光染料或荧光探针,通过监测PCR反应过程中荧光信号的变化来实现对核酸的定量。实时荧光定量PCR技术具有应用范围广、灵敏度高、操作简单、工作量低等特点,在医学和微生物学领域已广泛地应用于疾病诊断、病毒定量检测、微生物群落结构分析及演替规律的研究。文章综述了该项技术的原理、特点及其在环境氨氧化细菌研究中的应用,同时也指出了该技术存在的问题及其发展应用前景。     

房地产开发与公民环境权保护的问题及对策分析

近年来,房地产过度开发以及相关房地产环境法律制度的缺失对公民环境权带来了极大的挑战。为了切实保护公民固有的基本权利——公民环境权,在房地产开发领域,应对房地产开发中公民环境权问题进行法律思考,并秉持“预防为主”、公民居住利益优先、消费者保护和利益协调衡量原则,实现人与自然的和谐发展。     

污水短程硝化反硝化和同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮中N2O释放量及控制策略

采用SBR反应器考察了短程硝化反硝化和同步硝化反硝化脱氮过程中N_2O的释放.通过实时控制策略实现了短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮,亚硝化率可维持在90%以上.在溶解氧水平为0.5、 1.0、 1.5和2.0 mg/L条件下,考察N_2O的释放和亚硝化率的变化情况.结果表明,溶解氧1.5 mg/L时最有利于维持稳定的亚硝化率,同时N_2O逸出量最小,每去除1 g氨氮释放N_2O 0.06 g;在碳纤维填料SBR反应器中,通过维持较低溶解氧水平和分段投加碳源的运行方式成功实现了同步硝化反硝化,同步硝化反硝化率在79%以上.在溶解氧水平为0.2、 0.4、 1.0和1.5 mg/L时,考察N_2O的逸出情况.结果表明,溶解氧在1.0 mg/L时最有利于控制N2O的释放,每去除1g氨氮释放N2O 0.021 g,其N_2O释放量仅为短程硝化反硝化的1/3.     

环评助推房地产业低碳发展的思考和对策建议

在全球变暖的趋势下,人们越来越重视碳排放问题,房地产业作为碳排放大户,履行节能减排、建筑低碳任务应首当其冲,本文从房地产项目的环评及其技术评估角度,论述了中国城市房地产项目建筑低碳化一般采取的措施和具体要求,探讨符合中国国情的城市低碳房地产发展的对策和建议。     

电缆安全的地理信息系统监管模式

由于地下电缆的隐蔽性、动态性、网络性和多样性,决定了地下电缆信息管理与信息系统开发的复杂性与难度.给出了一种GIS综合安全监管开发模式,以解决数据的可靠性和精度,数据的动态更新等难题,对系统设计进行了较详细的描述.     

Achieving a real-time online monitoring system for conservation culturomics

Environmental monitoring is increasingly shifting toward a set of systems that describe changes in real time. In ecology specifically, a series of challenges have prevented the rollout of real-time monitoring for features such as biodiversity change or ecosystem service provision. Conservation culturomics, a field concerned with interactions between people and nature, is well placed to demonstrate how monitoring might move toward a network of real-time platforms, given its existence exclusively in the digital realm. We examined a set of considerations associated with the development of real-time monitoring platforms for conservation culturomics and introduce a near real-time platform for the Species Awareness Index, a global index of changing biodiversity awareness derived from the rate of change in page views for species on Wikipedia. This platform will update automatically each month, operating in near real time ( https://joemillard.shinyapps.io/Real_time_SAI/ ). There are plans to make the underlying data queryable via an application programing interface independent of the platform. The real-time Species Awareness Index will represent the first real-time and entirely automated conservation culturomic platform and one of the first real-time platforms in the discipline of ecology. Real-time monitoring for culturomics can provide insight into human–nature interactions as they play out in the physical realm and provide a framework for the development of real-time monitoring in ecology. Real-time monitoring metrics can be processed on private virtual machines and hosted on publicly available cloud services. Conservation now needs an online, real-time observatory that can evolve with the structure of the web.     

深海环境腐蚀试验技术及研究进展

从深海实海环境试验、模拟试验、原位电化学测试、数值仿真等方面阐述了深海环境试验技术的发展演变过程。介绍了国内外主要深海腐蚀研究使用的试验装置种类,各类装置的优缺点和使用场景,并以试验装置为平台,发展了金属材料深海原位电化学测试技术及深海测试数据实时远程传输技术。介绍了实验室模拟深海环境腐蚀试验技术由单因素模拟到多因素模拟,并结合力学及实时测试的发展历程。阐述了数值仿真技术在深海环境腐蚀研究方面的应用,推介了2项ISO深海环境试验方法国际标准,回顾了近期在材料深海环境腐蚀研究方面取得的最新成果。面向深海装备应用的需求,从新试验技术发展出发,探讨了深海试验技术研究的发展方向和趋势。