空气质量实时发布系统数据上传问题的探讨

文章对空气质量实时发布系统在数据上传方面存在的问题进行了探讨,分析了影响数据上传率的各种因素并提出了相应的应对措施。     

基于Web服务的海量风暴潮灾害数据实时可视化研究

目前,风暴潮灾害的数值模拟给出的海量数据结果往往使得研究者难以理解,阻碍研究工作的深入进行,同时从应用角度也不能满足对灾害进行实时可视化的需求.因此,本文针对风暴潮灾害数值模拟的计算格式和结果数据特点,探讨了Web Service技术和可视化处理技术基础上为研究人员提供实时的风暴潮灾害数值模拟以及水位、流场的时空分布可...     

Bacterial community composition and abundance in leachate of semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills

Different municipal solid waste landfill methods and landfill ages had crucial impacts on bacterial abundance and composition in leachate.     

Determination of 3,4-dichlorinated biphenyl in soil samples by real-time immuno-PCR assay

A real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction (RT-IPCR) assay was developed for the detection of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener in soil samples. Based on the construction of 3,4-dichlorinated biphenyl (IUPAC PCB12) hapten and its immunogen, the specific polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) to PCB12 was obtained and used to develop a direct competitive RT-IPCR assay. Using the optimized assay, a standard curve for PCB12 was prepared. The linear range for the determination of PCB12 was from 10.0 to 1.0 × 10⁶ fg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a detection limit of 1.53 fg/mL. The RT-IPCR assays were tested for their cross-reactivity profiles using four selected congeners and four Aroclor products. The results for the soil samples correlated with the concentrations of PCBs obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This highly specific, sensitive, and robust assay can be applied to on-site tests of PCBs and serve as a model for other pollutant immunoassays.     

拟动力试验方法的发展与展望

结构抗震试验是模拟地震作用、分析掌握地震机制及结构抗震性能的有效方法。对拟动力试验技术的研究现状和进展进行了概括总结,分析探讨了拟动力试验特别是基于子结构技术试验的逐步积分方法、加载控制方式、误差分析、拟动力子结构试验、实时子结构试验、远程协同拟动力试验、混合子结构拟动力试验等关键技术,对比分析了拟动力试验技术与其他试验方法的差异,以及拟动力试验技术中基于子结构技术各试验方法间的区别和特点,并进一步阐述了各种拟动力试验的现存问题、应用前景,指出了需要进一步研究的方向。     

环境水体中肠道病毒的膜吸附-洗脱浓缩方法研究

在膜吸附-洗脱和洗脱液浓缩相结合的基础上,建立了一种简便实用的水中肠道病毒浓缩方法.通过实时定量RT-PCR检测,比较了不同材料和不同孔径的微孔滤膜对病毒的吸附效果;对膜洗脱方式进行了改进;研究了在洗脱液浓缩过程中,PEG浓度对于病毒回收率的影响.最后确定了最佳的浓缩方法.选择效果好而且来源广泛的0.22 μm孔径的混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜,采用磁力搅拌来洗脱滤膜上吸附的病毒;洗脱液浓缩步骤中,PEG最佳质量浓度为130　g/L.系统比较了不同病毒接种量下,方法中各步骤的病毒回收率.对接种已知量的肠道病毒的生活污水、二级处理出水和地表水等样品的试验结果表明,该方法效果稳定,适合不同水样中肠道病毒的浓缩分离.     

实时控制条件下外加碳源用于低C/N比养殖废水处理中污泥膨胀的控制研究

养殖废水是一类典型的高氨氮废水.在低C/N比进水条件下,生物处理单元内较易出现污泥膨胀现象.采用实时控制技术,建立了序批式反应器(SBR)优化硝化-反硝化控制系统,进行了外加碳源用于低C/N比养殖废水处理中的污泥膨胀控制研究.并探讨了优化控制系统对污泥膨胀的控制机制.结果表明,低C/N比进水条件下,不完全硝化-反硝化过程导致硝酸盐及氨氮的累积是低F/M条件下污泥膨胀的主要原因.根据进水水质变化,实时控制系统自动优化外加碳源投加量,可有效控制由不完全硝化-反硝化反应引起的污泥膨胀.     

再生水处理过程中轮状病毒的变化规律及风险评价（Change of Rotavirus in Sewage Treatment Processes and Associated Health Risk Assessment）

为探讨污水处理厂不同处理工艺段对轮状病毒(Rotavirus)的去除效果及再生水回用中轮状病毒对暴露人群的健康风险水平,于2006年11月至2007年10月连续对北京市某污水厂各工艺段出水的轮状病毒进行了分析,并应用Beta-Possion模型对回用再生水中轮状病毒对暴露人群的健康风险水平进行了评价.结果表明,36个实测水样中,轮状病毒检测结果为阳性的样品13个,占总样品数的36.1%.阳性样品主要分布在2006年11月、12月和2007年1月、2月、4月、8月和10月所采集的样品中,各月份阳性样品所占比例分别依次为100%、100%、100%、33.3%、66.7%、33.3%和100%.二级处理工艺对轮状病毒的去除率为2.68-lg,二级处理出水经过混凝沉淀和砂滤两种深度处理后得到再生水,深度处理工艺平均去除率为3.01-lg.二沉出水回用对不同职业暴露人群的年均感染概率风险值范围为0.35×10-2~10.36×10-2,再生水回用不同职业暴露人群年平均感染风险概率值范围为0.23×10-2~6.82×10-2,二沉出水、再生水回用导致的道路喷洒职业工人轮状病毒暴露感染风险值最大,分别达到了39.65×10-2和36.82×10-2,存在着一定的健康风险.     

Interactive effects of cadmium and hypoxia on metabolic responses and bacterial loads of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Pollution by toxic metals including cadmium (Cd) and hypoxia are important stressors in estuaries and coastal waters which may interactively affect sessile benthic organisms, such as oysters. We studied metabolic responses to prolonged hypoxic acclimation (2 weeks at 5% O₂) in control and Cd-exposed (30 d at 50 μg L⁻¹ Cd) oysters Crassostrea virginica, and analyzed the effects of these stressors on abundance of Vibrio spp. in oysters. Hypoxia-acclimated oysters retained normal standard metabolic rates (SMR) at 5% O₂, in contrast to a decline of SMR observed during acute hypoxia. However, oysters spent more time actively ventilating in hypoxia than normoxia resulting in enhanced Cd uptake and 2.7-fold higher tissue Cd burdens in hypoxia. Cd exposure led to a significant decrease in tissue glycogen stores, increase in free glucose levels and elevated activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase and aldolase) indicating a greater dependence on carbohydrate catabolism. A compensatory increase in activities of two key mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) was found during prolonged hypoxia in control oysters but suppressed in Cd-exposed ones. Cd exposure also resulted in a significant increase in abundance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus levels during normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Overall, Cd- and hypoxia-induced changes in metabolic profile, Cd accumulation and bacterial flora of oysters indicate that these stressors can synergistically impact energy homeostasis, performance and survival of oysters in polluted estuaries and have significant consequences for transfer of Cd and bacterial pathogens to the higher levels of the food chain.