洋河水库微囊藻毒素及产毒株种群丰度的时空分布特征

在洋河水库设置6个采样点,于2015年5—10月采集水样,利用高效液相色谱测定了微囊藻毒素(MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR)的浓度,并采用基于mcy A和mcy B基因的荧光定量PCR技术检测产毒蓝藻与产毒微囊藻种群.同时,分析了水体中微囊藻毒素浓度和组成的时空分布特征,以及产毒蓝藻与产毒微囊藻丰度的动态变化.结果表明,洋河水库微囊藻毒素(Microcystins,MCs)浓度范围为0.24~10.99μg·L~(-1);水体中产毒蓝藻占总蓝藻种群丰度的7%~55%,产毒微囊藻占总微囊藻种群丰度的8%~59%,是主要的产毒蓝藻;微囊藻毒素浓度与产毒株种群丰度时空分布特征一致,季节变化规律为夏季秋季春季,空间分布表现为西洋河口附近区域高于东洋河口附近区域;而微囊藻毒素组成无显著时空差异,均以MC-RR和MC-LR 2种亚型为主.Pearson相关分析显示,产毒微囊藻种群丰度及其比例是影响微囊藻毒素浓度变化的主要因素,且其与总磷和叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关(p0.01).     

磷酸盐对厌氧氨氧化活性污泥脱氮效能的影响

通过接种厌氧氨氧化污泥,研究了磷酸盐浓度变化对厌氧氨氧化活性污泥脱氮效能长短期的影响,对其抑制动力学参数进行拟合,并基于荧光定量PCR的测定,分析了受磷酸盐抑制前后反应器中厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度的变化.短期研究结果表明,磷酸盐浓度小于30 mg·L~(-1)对厌氧氨氧化污泥的脱氮效能没有明显的影响;随着进水磷酸盐浓度的升高,氮去除速率呈加速下降趋势;磷酸盐浓度大于200 mg·L~(-1)时,厌氧氨氧化污泥活性达到完全的抑制状态;采用Haldane抑制模型拟合磷酸盐抑制的动力学参数,所得半抑制常数为70.1 mg·L~(-1).长期研究结果表明,磷酸盐浓度小于50 mg·L~(-1)时,对厌氧氨氧化污泥脱氮效能的影响不大;磷酸盐浓度在70~90 mg·L~(-1)时,厌氧氨氧化污泥活性开始受到明显影响,经过一段时间可以有所恢复,但磷酸盐浓度越高,恢复所需时间越长;当磷酸盐浓度达到100 mg·L~(-1)时厌氧氨氧化污泥的脱氮效能受到严重抑制,氮去除速率由158.33 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)下降至60.17 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)左右,抑制约62%.荧光定量PCR结果表明,抑制后的污泥体系中ANAMMOX菌细胞浓度由(9.97±0.86)×107cells·m L~(-1)下降至(8.26±0.54)×107cells·m L~(-1),有相对减少的趋势.     

Prenatal and postnatal characterization of Y chromosome structural anomalies by molecular cytogenetic analysis

We describe three cases in which we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to characterize Y chromosome structural anomalies, unidentifiable by conventional G-banding. Case 1 was a 46,X,+mar karyotype; FISH analysis revealed an entire marker chromosome highlighted after hybridization with the Y chromosome painting probe. The PCR study showed the presence of Y chromosome markers AMG and SY620 and the absence of SY143, SY254 and SY147. CGH results confirmed the loss of Yq11.2-qter. These results indicated the presence of a deletion: del(Y)(q11.2). Case 2 was a 45,X [14]/46,XY[86] karyotype with a very small Y chromosome. The PCR study showed the presence of Y chromosome markers SY620 and AMG, and the absence of SY143, SY254 and SY147. CGH results showed gain of Yq11.2-pter and loss of Yq11.2-q12. These results show the presence of a Yp isodicentric: idic(Y)(q11.2). Case 3 was a 45,X,inv(9)(p11q12)[30]/46,X,idic(Y)(p11.3?),inv(9)(p11q12)[70] karyotype. The FISH signal covered all the abnormal Y chromosome using a Y chromosome paint. The PCR study showed the presence of Y chromosome markers AMG, SY620, SY143, SY254 and SY147. CGH only showed gain of Yq11.2-qter. These results support the presence of an unbalanced (Y;Y) translocation. Our results show that the combined use of molecular and classical cytogenetic methods in clinical diagnosis may allow a better delineation of the chromosome regions implicated in specific clinical disorders. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Duplex,triplex and quadruplex PCR for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of cystic fibrosis (CF), an exhaustive approach

Most of cystic fibrosis (CF) pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cases described to date are limited to the detection of ΔF508. Beside this predominant mutation, over 1000 mutations have been identified, rendering the development of a mutation-based PGD protocol impracticable. This is the reason why we, as well as the others, have developed PGD strategies on the basis of the identification of the pathogenic haplotype instead of the mutation(s). In a previous article, we reported the conditions for the co-amplification of two intragenic polymorphic markers and the F508 locus. Here we describe an improved protocol allowing the additional amplification of two new intragenic markers, intron 1 CA repeat (I1CA) and IVS17bTA. This new protocol should, theoretically, allow us to provide a diagnosis to all couples requiring PGD for CF. Using single lymphoblasts, we have tested four different PCR configurations, including one duplex, two triplexes and one quadruplex PCR. All of them gave results compatible with a clinical application. The number of single lymphoblasts tested in each series varied from 89 to 155. PCR efficiency ranged from 95.4 to 100%. A complete haplotype was achieved for 83.2 to 90.7% of the tested cells, with an allele drop out (ADO) rate comprised between 6.0 and 11.6%. We present here three cases that we performed either with the former test (one case using the triplex PCR combining F508, IVS8CA and IVS17bCA) or with the new one (one case using the triplex combining F508, I1CA and IVS17bTA and one case using a quadruplex test). We obtained two single pregnancies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分子生物学方法在微生物多样性及微生物生态研究中的应用

首先介绍了分子生物学技术在微生物多样性及微生物生态研究中应用的理论基础，以及在此基础上引入的分子生物学技术如：PCR、DNA杂交技术在分子层面上来研究微生物遗传多样性，并结合已有工作积累展望了分子微生物生态研究的发展前景．图2参20     

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for single gene disorders: experience with five single gene disorders

We report our experience of 14 preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycles in eight couples carrying five different single gene disorders, during the last 18 months. Diagnoses were performed for myotonic dystrophy (DM), cystic fibrosis (CF) [ΔF508 and exon 4 (621+1 G>T)], fragile X and CF simultaneously, and two disorders for which PGD had not been previously attempted, namely neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and Crouzon syndrome. Diagnoses for single gene disorders were carried out on ideally two blastomeres biopsied from Day 3 embryos. A highly polymorphic marker was included in each diagnosis to control against contamination. For the dominant disorders, where possible, linked polymorphisms provided an additional means of determining the genotype of the embryo hence reducing the risk of misdiagnosis due to allele dropout (ADO). Multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F-PCR) was used in all cases, followed by fragment analysis and/or single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for genotyping. Embryo transfer was performed in 13 cycles resulting in one biochemical pregnancy for CF, three normal deliveries (a twin and a singleton) and one early miscarriage for DM and a singleton for Crouzon syndrome. In each case the untransferred embryos were used to confirm the diagnoses performed on the biopsied cells. The results were concordant in all cases. The inclusion of a polymorphic marker allowed the detection of extraneous DNA contamination in two cells from one case. Knowing the genotype of the contaminating DNA allowed its origin to be traced. All five pregnancies were obtained from embryos in which two blastomeres were biopsied for the diagnosis. Our data demonstrate the successful strategy of using multiplex PCR to simultaneously amplify the mutation site and a polymorphic locus, fluorescent PCR technology to achieve greater sensitivity, and two-cell biopsy to increase the efficiency and success of diagnoses. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.