Impact of government regulations on pollution performance of pulp and paper firms

A comparative study of water pollution emissions of pulp and paper companies for the period 1978–1983 indicates a reduction in emissions for most firms. This improvement in pollution performance is attributed to the federal government's water pollution policy. Although there is an overall decline in water pollution, some firms have actually increased their emissions. Furthermore, there is still a wide disparity in each company's performance, although the differences are narrowing.     

Pore structure and adsorption properties of activated carbon prepared from granular molded waste paper

We have previously manufactured activated carbon using waste paper board, which was prepared by adding 8% phenol resin adhesive to torn waste newspaper and hot-pressing. In this study, the pretreatment process of the raw material was simplified; the waste paper was extruded to form granules. The activated carbon was manufactured by the carbon dioxide activation method using the granules as the raw material. The properties of the activated carbon were evaluated based on the pore structure, the iodine adsorption number, and the adsorption of toluene vapor in a sealed chamber. The activated carbon, which was manufactured at an activation temperature of 1100°C and a treatment time of 60min, exhibited a specific surface area of 1241m²/g and an iodine adsorption number of 1120mg/g. These results were similar to those obtained for two commercially available activated carbons. The extent of toluene vapor adsorption by this activated carbon was similar to that observed for the two commercial activated carbons over a period of 130min.     

浙江省废纸再生产业的经验、问题及对策

文章分析了浙江省在废纸再生方面的3个典型模式的经验，指出了存在的问题并提出了建议对策。     

微生物絮凝剂处理造纸中段废水的实验研究

实验从土壤中分离筛选出1株絮凝活性较高的絮凝剂产生菌,经鉴定为1株黑曲霉.采用其产生的微生物絮凝剂M-2处理造纸中段废水,对絮凝条件进行了优化,在最佳絮凝条件下,M-2对造纸中段废水的CODcr去除率可达70.6%,浊度去除率可达91.7%,其絮凝效果优于传统的絮凝剂.     

Emerging market patterns in the recycled paper trade

The international recovered paper trade serves two important functions: increasing raw material availability in the paper and board industry and providing economic incentives to recycle. The purpose of this paper is to shed further light on emerging patterns in this trade by empirically analysing the changes in the bilateral trade flows of recycled paper between 1992 and 2008. According to our estimations, two important changes occurred in the 1990s and 2000s. First, the growing importance of developing economies in global recycled paper trade plays a significant role in import demand as a determinant of trade flows. Second, the changes in global trade patterns necessitate investigating the transportation cost measures used in applied research.     

汽车工业中水回用于冷却水系统的研究

汽车生产过程中伴随着大量的自来水消耗与废水排放,因此,汽车工业具有较大的节能减排潜力.国内某汽车厂采用膜过滤技术对达标排放的废水进行深度处理,中水水质达到冷却水回用标准,作为补充水回用于循环冷却水系统.通过对中水水质的监控和冷却水系统的运行控制,保证中水回用实施效果.结果表明:中水回用后,循环冷却水满足系统运行条件,既节约了自来水的消耗又达到了减少污染物排放的目的,在汽车工业中具有一定的推广应用价值.     

纤维素降解真菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

经过实验分离到一株纤维素降解真菌CD-Q1,通过形态及分子生物学鉴定该真菌为匍匐根霉。该菌能够以滤纸、秸秆和脱酯棉为唯一碳源生长,8 d内可将26.5%的秸秆降解,可将7.5%的滤纸糖化。当以滤纸为唯一碳源时,pH=5条件下,滤纸失重及还原糖产生量最高,45 h内可将3%滤纸降解,生成0.845 mg/ml的还原糖(以葡萄糖计)。该纤维素降解真菌的分离为纤维素糖化及进一步利用提供了较好菌源,为纤维素降解性能的基因改良提供了理想的出发菌株。     

Biological degradation of some organic compounds involved in the paper industry

An evaluation of the biodegradation by aerobic microorganisms was investigated for some organic compounds occurring in paper manufacturing technology. Lines of biodegradation for nine organic compounds, as a percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), were detected over seven days incubation. The results of the biodegradability test clearly revealed that some of the organic compounds under investigation were highly biodegradable while others ranked from fairly biodegradable to non-biodegradable. Significant biodegradation results were recorded as COD removal, for anti-coating ester (95.0 percent), Basoplast 200D (85.3 percent) and Basoplast PR 8050 (87.6 percent). The bleaching agent (formamidin-sulfinic acid), Ukanol BSA and Solidurit KM demonstrated moderate biodegradation with results of 62.1 percent, 76.2 percent and 69.8 percent, respectively. Poor biodegradation results for Hedifix M/35 (12.7 percent), Basazol Orange (34.9 percent) and Basazol Brown (29.0 percent) were recorded. Accordingly, appropriate precautions should be taken into consideration when applying these compounds to paper manufacturing processes.     

环氧化PVA载体固定漆酶的最佳工艺条件研究

在T=35℃,HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液pH为4的条件下,用环氧化PVA载体对漆酶进行固定化,固定后酶活为游离酶活的95%。用该固定化漆酶处理制浆造纸废水,反复使用6次后,酶活仍保持为初始酶活的45%,且每次COD去除率在40%以上,处理后的废水BOD增大了50%,废水可生化性得到很大提高。     

中水浇灌对土壤重金属污染的影响

城市化的加快,使缺水问题更为普遍,中水用于冲厕和绿地浇灌将是未来的趋势.为研究特殊行业污水处理后用于绿地浇灌对土壤的重金属污染状况,选取以生活污水和实验室污水为水源,一体式氧化沟为处理单元的出水为浇灌用水,以包括阔叶林、灌木和草坪的小区土壤作为研究对象;采集6个样品点0~20 cm深的土壤进行Cr、Mn等8种重金属检测.结果表明,与自来水浇灌土壤对比,中水浇灌土壤的重金属含量没有显著差异;中水浇灌土壤的重金属主要在表层富集,其中铬、镍、铜、锌、铅浓度低于北京市土壤背景值;浇灌土壤中砷和镉存在轻度污染,值得关注.