Sequential (anaerobic/aerobic) biological treatment of Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry effluent

In the pulp and paper industry, lignin and other color compounds are removed by chemical agents in bleaching process. Use of chlorine-based agents results in production of degradation products which include various chloro-organic derivatives. Since these new compounds are highly chlorinated, they cause a problem in the treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewaters. Chemical precipitation, lagooning, activated sludge, and anaerobic treatment are the processes used for treating pulp and paper effluents. Furthermore, a combination of these processes is also applicable. In this study, the effluent of Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry was examined for its toxic effects on anaerobic microorganisms by anaerobic toxicity assay. Additionally, this wastewater was applied to a sequential biotreatment process consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket as the anaerobic stage and a once-through completely mixed stirred tank as the aerobic stage. Results indicated that: (1) Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry wastewater exerted no inhibitory effects on the anaerobic cultures under the studied conditions, and (2) application of a sequential biological (anaerobic/aerobic) system to treat the Dalaman SEKA Pulp and Paper Industry wastewater resulted in approximately 91% COD and 58% AOX removals at a HRT of 5 and 6.54 h for anaerobic and aerobic, respectively.     

造纸污泥与味精废液联合厌氧消化产甲烷性能研究

采用造纸污泥与味精废液间歇式联合厌氧消化产沼气,通过设计总固体(TS)含量、碳氮比(C/N)和接种量等不同的工艺参数,研究了不同工艺条件下各反应器的产甲烷性能.试验结果表明:在中温(37±2)℃条件下,TS含量对系统累积产气量的影响较大,各反应器的累积产气量随TS含量的增加而增加;各反应器的单位质量挥发性固体(VS)累积产气率和TS、VS的去除率随TS含量增加而降低;在TS含量为10%的3组反应器中,造纸污泥:味精废液(w/w)=10∶1的反应器产气效果优于造纸污泥∶味精废液(w/w)=25∶1和70∶1两组处理,这与前者在消化过程中pH值下降最多、酸化能力最强有关;联合厌氧消化累积甲烷产量最大值为5482mL(TS含量为10%,造纸污泥∶味精废液(w/w)=10∶1),单位质量VS甲烷产率最大值为362mL.g-1(TS含量为3%,造纸污泥∶味精废液(w/w)=11∶1),可见这两种工业废物联合厌氧消化具有巨大的产甲烷潜力.     

基于活性炭吸附的造纸污泥纤维板除臭研究

为造纸污泥纤维板除臭提供依据。使用活性炭吸附对造纸污泥纤维板进行除臭研究,计算在18周内污泥纤维板失重量及失重速度,活性炭增重量及增重速度;同时用嗅觉法测定臭味。发现在18周内污泥纤维板是不断失重,活性炭不断增重。二者质量相差不大,且前3周速度较快。臭味变化是前3周降低较多,有一种发酸的味道,5周后酸味也减少,保持到第18周。活性炭吸附可以减少造纸污泥纤维板臭味,处理3周即可得到较好效果。     

两种造纸废水的生化前预处理实验研究

造纸废水可生化性差,处理困难,对其进行生化前预处理具有重要意义。采用无机高分子混凝剂和有机混凝剂联合处理,有助于提高混凝效果。实验研究了两种造纸废水混凝处理的影响因素和处理效果,在实验室条件下进行了单因素实验分析,确定了最佳投药量,得到的结果分别是:卫生纸车间废水为聚合氯化铝(PAC)75 mg/L,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)0.075 mg/L;板纸车间废水为聚合氯化铝(PAC)350 mg/L,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)0.125 mg/L。在此工况下,卫生纸车间废水COD的去除率达到了62.12%,色度去除率达到92.12%,SS去除率达到了95.36%;板纸车间废水COD的去除率达到了44.03%,最佳色度去除率达到90.25%,SS去除率达到93.18%。提高了废水的可生化性,为后续生物处理创造了条件。     

再生水灌溉对草坪草植株金属元素的影响

为了再生水应用的安全性,通过柱状模拟试验采用再生水灌溉草坪与清水灌溉比较,研究了不同处理级别再生水灌溉对草坪植株叶片、根系金属元素累积。结果表明:与清水灌溉相比,草坪受损期再生水灌溉促进对Ca、Cu、Na的吸收,降低对K的吸收,未造成草坪叶片中金属元素的累积;5种金属元素在根部积累情况表现为:Ca>K>Mg>Na>Cu,其中Ca、Na、Cu表现为明显的根部积累,根系>叶片。     

Material flow analysis of paper in Korea. Part I. Data calculation model from the flow relationships between paper products

The flows of paper are analyzed throughout the papermaking processes, with the year 2007 and Korea defined as the system boundaries. In practice, the statistical data on the production, import and export of paper or pulp can be collected with relative ease from the government and industrial associations. However, the input data regarding the volumes of pulp and wastepaper used in different paper products, such as newsprint, printing papers, sanitary and household papers, specialty papers, and corrugating board base, are difficult to obtain because such information is generally kept confidential in the course of corporate operations.The production processes of paper products in Korea are modeled using information on raw materials, their compositions and production yields of products in order to identify and quantify the amounts of pulp and wastepaper used in each paper product. The material flows of paper are then analyzed based on the calculation model derived from the correlation of input and output flows between the individual processes throughout the entire paper lifecycle. Accuracy analysis using both mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) is conducted to verify the amounts of pulp and wastepaper calculated from the proposed model against the volumes of domestically consumed pulp and wastepaper provided in the national statistics. Although the calculated values for the past (i.e., the 1980s and 1990s) differ to some degree from the statistical values, the data for the 2000s have a relatively higher level of accuracy, with the MAPE of the total pulp and recycling volume at 5.39% and 5.30%, respectively, thus validating the adequacy of the proposed modeling method. The proposed calculation model can be effectively used in the material flow analysis (MFA) of paper to reduce the burden of data collection and obtain relatively accurate results.     

废铝回收处理技术及工艺研究

随着我国用铝量的逐年增加,再生铝高值利用越来越受到行业关注。介绍了废铝回收处理工艺及设备,以及废铝回收处理过程中的技术难点。指出废铝回收再利用,对节约资源、保护环境具有重要意义。     

磨溪天然气净化厂中水回用可行性探讨

文章对磨溪天然气净化厂外排废水的来源、水量、水质、处理工艺和达标情况进行了研究,探讨了工厂外排废水处理的中水回用的可行性,证明磨溪净化厂中水可用于厂内绿化,既可减少污染物排放,降低能耗,又可增加新鲜水资源,经济和环境效益明显。     

成都地区特定灰霾天气过程与成因分析

针对2012年8月26～30日成都地区出现的灰霾天气,对当时的气象条件和污染物之间的联系进行了分析。结果表明：此次灰霾天气是由两次小的污染过程组合而成的,一次是26日、27日因气象原因和常规的内源性污染造成的,另一次是28—30日因中元节祭祖烧纸而造成的。     

造纸污泥中木质素的提取及其改性研究

针对木质素的特性,从造纸污泥中用酸析法提取,提取产物进行磺化改性,探讨了反应温度、时间、pH值等因素对磺化产物的影响。研究表明,磺化反应的适宜条件为木质素∶亚硫酸钠=4∶3、pH=10.5,80～90℃下加热4h,FeCl3可作为木质素磺化反应的催化剂。改性产品经测定,表面活性有明显提高,各项指标基本符合国家标准。