中国环评制度有效性评估指标的思考

中国环评制度备受关注,亦饱受争议。如何客观看待一项制度,其有效性是重要的判定依据。环评有效性体现在制度建设、制度执行和发挥效力全过程,具有多个维度的内涵。围绕经济、社会、环境可持续发展目标,从制度有效性、程序有效性、实质有效性和认知有效性4个维度,按照“制度基础→实践过程→发挥作用→社会认知”逻辑,探索构建了中国环评制度有效性评估框架,并结合中国环评制度设计和运行模式,提出了一套科学、适用,兼具可操作和灵活性的中国环评有效性评估指标,为客观系统看待中国环评制度提供了思路,也为建立中国环评制度有效性跟踪评估机制提供参考,支撑环评制度改革优化。

     

开展环评招投标 规范环评市场秩序

分析环评市场现状--利益扭曲、鱼龙混杂、机制不健全,借证环评、转包环评等现象时有发生,并论述其对环评质量所造成的危害,提出成立环评招投标机构,开展环评招投标,促进环评市场的健康发展,为环评质量的提高提供有力保证。     

中国耕地资源的区域差异与保护问题

采用土地整理工程手段建设基本农田,有助于实现耕地数量保护与质量提高,但必须遵循因地制宜的原则。论文根据自然地理区划和各地区的地貌特征,从分布特点、地类结构和利用水平等方面,对中国耕地资源的现状进行分析;针对自然条件和经济发展水平的区域差异,提出各地区耕地资源建设和保护的方向与重点。东部季风区应重点完善农田水利设施,改造现有中低产田,提高土地生产能力;西北干旱区不宜大规模开发,要着重发展农业节水技术,提高水资源利用率,防治土地退化;青藏高原区则应限制开垦。在土地整理与耕地资源建设中,因地制宜具体表现在生态保护、量力而行和重在效用3个方面。     

内蒙古地区矿区总体规划开展生物多样性评价的情况和建议

通过整理分析内蒙古矿区总体规划环评,分析生物多样性现状评价情况,提出发展内蒙古矿区规划环评巾生物多样性评价的几点建议。     

基于改进DEA交叉效率模型的洪水灾害区域脆弱性评价

为了评价洪水灾害区域脆弱性,提出了应用改进DEA交叉效率模型和熵权法相结合的洪水灾害区域脆弱性评价方法。首先,在洪灾形成理论的基础上,构建洪灾区域脆弱性指标体系和评价标准;其次,应用改进DEA交叉效率模型计算不同区域的成灾效率,利用熵权法计算权重集结全局成灾效率。根据成灾效率的实际意义分析不同区域脆弱性的相对大小。最后,选取我国各省份洪灾作为实证分析的研究对象。研究结果表明:该方法能够准确评价区域洪灾脆弱性程度,评价结果与实际情况一致,具有较好的适用性。     

环境风险评价的实践与发展

环境风险评价（Environmental Risk Assessment ERA）是环境影响评价的一个重要分支,主要分析评价环境中的潜在危险。本文围绕开展ERA的必要怀、国内外ERA发展现状等方面进行了评述,在此基础上针对目前ERA工作中的不足提出了三点建议。     

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MISSOURI RWER BASIN WATER YIELD1

ABSTRACT: Water from the Missouri River Basin is used for multiple purposes. The climatic change of doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide may produce dramatic water yield changes across the basin. Estimated changes in basin water yield from doubled CO₂ climate were simulated using a Regional Climate Model (RegCM) and a physically based rainfall‐runoff model. RegCM output from a five‐year, equilibrium climate simulation at twice present CO₂ levels was compared to a similar present‐day climate run to extract monthly changes in meteorologic variables needed by the hydrologic model. These changes, simulated on a 50‐km grid, were matched at a commensurate scale to the 310 subbasin in the rainfall‐runoff model climate change impact analysis. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) rainfall‐runoff model was used in this study. The climate changes were applied to the 1965 to 1989 historic period. Overall water yield at the mouth of the Basin decreased by 10 to 20 percent during spring and summer months, but increased during fall and winter. Yields generally decreased in the southern portions of the basin but increased in the northern reaches. Northern subbasin yields increased up to 80 percent: equivalent to 1.3 cm of runoff on an annual basis.     

我国区域大气污染防治协作历程与展望

建立横向跨区域大气治理的联防联控协调机制是解决区域性大气污染的重要手段。我国自20世纪90年代开始探索通过区域协作解决区域性大气污染问题，经过30多年的发展，区域大气协作取得阶段性成效，但是区域协作的内在动力和持续性不足，难以满足未来区域大气环境管理需求。本文从理念形成、实践探索、机制完善等层面系统回顾了我国区域大气污染防治协作发展历程，结合“大气十条”以来重点区域联防联控工作重点和机制创新，总结了空气质量改善、统一标准体系建设、重污染天气应急体系建设、环境监管模式创新、科技支撑等方面取得的主要成效。基于未来我国区域大气环境管理需求，从综合管理体系、立法保障、规划统筹、信息共享等方面提出进一步完善的对策建议。     

Crossing conceptual boundaries: re-envisioning coordination and collaboration among women for sustainable livelihoods in Ghana

This paper explores the complexities, degree of organisation and embedded potentials in selected informal worlds of work involving women in Agbogbloshie, a site that has achieved both national and international notoriety for its ostensible environmental and social unrest challenges. The analysis provides empirical evidence to show how informality remains a persistent, substantial and the defining feature of Ghana’s economy in terms of its fostering growth and creating jobs, although its overall role in the national development discourse is largely ignored or seldom considered. Drawing on participant observation and qualitative field-based survey data, the paper presents the multi-dimensional ways migrant women from northern Ghana adopt to innovate, network and “graduate” from e-waste-related activities to engage in long-distance trade, which, in turn, serves as a catalyst for spin-off activities that manifest differently between the south and the north of the country. It also sheds light on how these women, with little prospect of formal employment, negotiate contemporary economic shifts and create an occupational continuum that defies strict compartmentalisation. The paper adds to the expanding corpus of writings on informalisation as a growing, noteworthy and integral feature of Sub-Saharan Africa’s economy.     

伊犁河谷典型区域土壤重金属含量状况及评价研究

"十二五"期间自治区加大了对伊犁河谷境内典型生态环境区域集中式饮用水源地土壤、农田、果园、菜地以及昭苏、特克斯和新源三大天然草场土壤汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)八种重金属元素的监测,通过对上述监测数据的统计分析和评价表明:伊犁河谷典型区域土壤重金属含量均低于《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)(二级、旱地)限值,整体处于清洁安全水平,尚未受到人为显著影响.