The creation of an historical meteorological database for environmental dose assessment

The focus of this study is to develop wind data for the SavannahRiver Site (SRS) between 1955 and 1961 to be used in an assessment of estimates of atmospheric dispersion and downwindrisk at the Savannah River Site. In particular, a study of theuncertainties of radioiodine dosimetry from the late 1950sprovides the underlying motivation for developing historicalwindroses at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Wind measurement towers did not exist at the SRS until theearly 1970s. Three relatively simple methods were used to createa 1955–1961 meteorological database for the SRS for a dosereconstruction project. The winds were estimated from onsitemeasurements in the 1990s and National Weather Service (NWS)observations in the 1990s and 1950s using (1) a linear regressionmethod, (2) a similarity theory approach, and (3) a simplestatistical differences method. The criteria for determining success were based on (1) howwell the mean values and standard deviations of the predictedwind speed agree with the known SRS values from the 1990s, (2) the shape of the predicted frequency distribution functions forwind speed, and (3) how closely the predicted windroses resembledthe SRS windrose for the 1990s. The linear regression model's wind speed distribution functionwas broad, flat, and skewed too much toward higher wind speeds.The similarity theory approach produced a wind speed distributionfunction that contained excess predicted speeds in the range 0–1.54 m s^-1 (0–3 kts) and had `excluded' bins caused bypredictions being made from integer values of knots in the NWSdata. The distribution function from the mean difference methodwas smooth with a shape like a Weibull distribution with a shapeparameter of 2 and appearedto resemble closely the SRS 1992–1996 distribution.The wind directions for all three methods of approach weresuccessfully based on the mean difference method. It wasdifficult to discern differences among the wind roses produced bythe three methods so the wind speed distribution functions needto be examined in order to make an informed choice for dose reconstruction.     

Analytical characterization of movements of the spinal column and risk assessment due to repeated movements of the upper limbs of building painters

Manual activities of construction workers may induce musculoskeletal disorders. This study on a group of painters aimed to analytically characterize movements of the spinal column by both lumbar motion monitor and television cameras and to determine, using the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) Index method, the risk exerted by repeated movements of the upper limbs. The main results are: painting with a roller generally exposes workers to a lesser risk for upper limbs than painting with a brush; a roller-stick fixed at the wrong length can lead to stretching of the back at lumbar and cervical levels; to remain within the range of ‘acceptable risk’ (OCRA Index evaluation), a worker should not paint a vertical wall for over 3 h if using a roller and 2.5 h if painting with a brush; and, on average, a painter who paints for 5 h in a day lifts the bucket about 120,140 times.     

Microbial response to repeated treatments of manure containing sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline in soil

Substantive addition of antibiotic-contaminated manure to agricultural soil may lead to “persistent” residues of antibiotics and may affect soil health. Therefore, this study examines the effects of repeated manure treatments containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues, both individually and combined, on the functional diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in the soils under laboratory conditions. The average well color development (AWCD), Simpson diversity index (1/D, dominant populations), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′, richness), and McIntosh diversity index (U, evenness) in the antibiotics-treated soils decreased in the first 60-day treatment and then gradually recovered or even exceeded the initial level in the unamended soils with increasing treatment frequency. A total of 11 specific bands in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiles were observed and sequence analyzed for five repeated treatments, and most of them belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. These results indicate that repeated treatments of manure containing SDZ and CTC residues can alter soil microbial community structure, although they have a temporary suppression effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

中国七大流域全氟烷基酸污染水平与饮水暴露风险

为探究中国七大流域全氟烷基酸(perfluoroalkyl acids,PFAAs)的污染现状与居民饮水暴露风险,基于美国国家环保署推荐的风险评估方法,应用场景风险评估模式,分析了各流域PFAAs的污染水平及特征,并对中国成人、青少年、儿童的PFAAs日均饮水暴露量(average daily dose,ADD)及其健康风险进行了评估.结果表明,中等暴露水平下,中国七大流域ΣPFAAs中位浓度为14 ng·L-1,全氟辛酸(perfluorooctane acid,PFOA)、全氟丁酸和全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid,PFOS)为主要污染物,松辽、太湖流域ΣPFAAs高于整体水平.高等暴露水平下,碳链≤6的全氟羧酸类化合物占ΣPFAAs的比例高于中等暴露水平.黄河、长江部分河段污染水平高.风险评估结果显示,饮水暴露PFOA、PFOS对中国各年龄段居民尚无健康风险,且青少年日均饮水摄入量偏少.     

卫星元器件抗辐射指标优化分析

目的在航天器设计中对选用的电子元器件提出了抗辐射指标要求。随着航天器设计寿命增加,对元器件提出的抗辐射指标越来越高,因此需要优化对元器件的抗辐射指标要求,以降低因辐射指标不满足而限制元器件的选择范围。方法通过对国内外抗辐射指标体系的对比分析和典型轨道、典型器件的数据分析,探讨总剂量指标的优化方法。对在轨翻转概率的影响因素进行分析,并采用典型数据的单粒子翻转概率评估,明确采用单一LET阈值指标的局限。结果总剂量效应和单粒子效应指标均有优化的方法和空间。结论通过对辐射环境的细化分析,降低辐射设计裕度,可降低总剂量的辐射指标要求。结合单粒子效应的应用需求以及防护设计,降低对器件LET阈值要求。     

新疆大学校园辐射环境水平初步调查

为了了解新疆大学本部校园内辐射环境水平状况,对校园环境γ辐射剂量率、氡浓度水平、土壤中核素含量及红湖水样等采用国家规定的技术规范和方法进行现场测量、采样与实验室分析工作。结果表明,新疆大学本部校园内辐射环境水平处于乌鲁木齐市本底值范围之内,未见放射性异常。     

放射源远程自动监控管理体系的构建

以苏州的若干家放射源使用单位为例,从点位源的剂量监测、视频监控、红外报警、数据传输等方面出发,围绕提高放射源自动监控这一主题,展开了放射源远程自动监控体系的探索.     

油田高含水期采出液污水处理剂的选择

对辽河油田锦１６西块高含水期采出液的水处理剂进行了筛选，经实验对比，最后确定新型水处理剂Ｊ－０９使用效果最佳，继而又确定了其最佳用量     

某实验室2017年全国个人剂量监测能力考核结果分析

目的:对2017年参加全国个人剂量监测能力考核的结果进行分析与总结,改进监测分析方法,提高监测技术能力。方法:依据《2017年度全国个人剂量监测能力考核方案》的要求进行考核。结果:检测结果报告值分别为0.56,2.50,0.50,1.94,3.73,与参考值相比较,单组性能为0.01~0.02,综合性能为0.02,考核评定结果为优秀。结论:本实验室个人剂量监测系统状态稳定,测量结果准确可靠。