摆动辗压模具的材料选择

分析了摆辗模具的工作原理、失效形式 ,合理地选择材料及制定热处理工艺 ,可以大大提高模具寿命     

噪声与静压载荷同时作用下飞机壁板试验研究

目的 模拟飞机结构承受静压载荷与噪声载荷时的真实情况,为飞机设计初期阶段设计选型提供试验数据支持。方法 使用压缩空气进行静压加载,模拟噪声与正压、噪声与负压联合加载,并以静压载荷0.06 MPa、噪声载荷151 dB为例,进行了试验验证。结果 在噪声与静压载荷同时作用下,若静压载荷过大,结构会发生塑性变形。结论 提出的飞机选型阶段噪声与静压载荷联合加载的试验方法,实现了噪声与静压(正压与负压)联合加载,并通过飞机壁板声静联合试验,验证了飞机壁板结构的噪声与静压联合试验方法。     

某型飞机液压泵安装座螺栓断裂失效分析

目的探究某型飞机液压泵安装座固定螺栓断裂原因。方法通过观察多组螺栓的断口形貌,以及对其进行力学性能测试和材料组织分析。结果螺栓断口边缘无明显的腐蚀氧化特征,有较为明显的氢脆断裂断面特征,螺栓的硬度均超过标准,并未发现有害的夹杂物和磷化物。结论螺栓在制造时可能存在缺陷,硬度超标和除氢不完全是造成断裂的主要原因。并根据分析结果对生产商提出相关建议和检查方向。     

差速器螺栓失效行为研究

目的研究车辆差速器螺栓失效原因。方法在化学成分、非金属夹杂物、力学性能、金相组织、断口形貌等检测分析的基础上,研究车辆差速器螺栓的失效行为,推断失效原因。结果差速器螺栓化学成分、氢含量、心部硬度及金相组织、材料抗拉强度及屈服强度等均未见明显异常,断口有明显的疲劳断裂特征,螺纹表层存在脱碳现象,脱碳层深度约为0.07 mm。裂纹起始于螺纹根部,裂纹两侧无脱碳现象,螺纹表面及裂纹内部均未见腐蚀产物。结论由于表面脱碳使得差速器螺栓表面硬度及疲劳强度降低,而螺纹根部存在的应力集中使早期裂纹在螺纹根部产生,并在交变载荷作用下进一步扩展,进而最终导致疲劳断裂。     

Development aid: The moral obligation to innovation

The prominent, though not exclusive, role of basic needs strategies to attain ethically acceptable development goals raises the question of the ability of development agencies to find and employ basic needs strategies. The obligation to prevent severe human suffering leads to the obligation to employ basic needs strategies to attain basic needs goals. The history of failure by development agencies in finding and employing basic needs tools leads to a further obligation to cultivate bureaucratic environments which foster profound innovation. This requires not only new tools but also new bureaucratic behaviour. An understandable obstacle to simultaneously technological and bureaucratic innovation lies in the tension between responsible behaviour and behaviour promoting fundamental change. Since this tension is based on the unpredictability of creative change, a series of axioms and corollaries which reduce the unpredictability is given. They include: (1) an obligation to seek innovation; (2) a clear statement of basic needs goals and intent to use some basic needs tools; (3) increase in effective knowledge of the poor and their survival strategies; (4) bureaucratic learning flexibility; (5) participatory development and allied emphasis on sustainable resource technologies. The embodiment of these in the learning process approach is illustrated.     

单层柱面网壳结构强震作用下抗震性能研究

地震是严重危害人类生命财产的自然灾害 ,但目前工程界对于网壳结构强震下的抗震性能尚缺乏透彻了解。笔者通过对单层柱面网壳典型算例进行三维地震作用下的双重非线性时程分析 ;观察其多项特征响应指标随地震动逐渐增强的变化情况 ;研究其塑性发展过程和破坏特征 ;对单层柱壳强震作用下的破坏机理进行了探讨 ;并在此基础上对不同参数柱壳弹塑性地震响应规律和破坏特征进行了分析和总结。研究表明 ,地震作用下单层柱壳破坏前均经历了一定的塑性发展过程 ,其破坏的真正原因是结构塑性发展和位形变化的交互作用 ,矢宽比较大的柱壳倾向于动力失稳破坏。     

含环向裂纹管道三通的塑性失效载荷

采用弹塑性有限元方法，系统分析了内压载荷下含环向裂纹管道三通的塑性失效载荷。探讨了管道三通塑性失效有限元分析中的建模技术，包括变形参量选取，网格收敛性研究等。给出了塑性失效载荷随裂纹尺寸变化的规律，以及不同裂纹位置(包括肩部和腹部)对三通塑性失效载荷的影响。最后根据有限元数值解建立了简单的塑性失效载荷估算式，研究结果可为下一步含缺陷管件完整性评定提供参考数据。     

岩爆过程释放的能量分析

能量积累与耗散是岩爆机理研究的重要内容之一。以往的研究一般将岩爆过程释放的能量归结为隧道围岩的弹性应变能。分析表明，开挖状态下，围岩可以积蓄的宏观弹性应变能小于岩爆过程释放的总能量。根据理论物理学、结晶学及矿物学相关理论与岩爆特征，岩爆能量应属于破裂面两侧断裂晶体的应变能，并非围岩整体的应变能。岩爆破裂面断裂晶体的应变能是在裂纹到达的瞬间因晶体被拉伸到极限状态而达到最大值并高速释放的，因此，岩爆能量的积累过程是短暂的、瞬时的。岩爆过程释放的能量转化为表面能、动能及热能等形式，而动能是裂纹持续快速扩展的主要驱动力。     

A DECISION THEORY APPROACH TO EARTH DAM CLASSIFICATION1

ABSTRACT: The fact that dams have failed indicates that there is still a risk involved, in spite of the major effort to ensure reliability. In seeking ways to reduce the risk, all aspects of the design, construction, monitoring, inspection, and rehabilitation of earth dams should be examined. Because dam classification is a central element, ways of minimizing uncertainty associated with classification need to be considered. A Bayesian approach to classification has numerous advantages over existing methods of earth dam classification because it directly evaluates the effects of uncertainties. A framework for incorporating Bayesian decision theory into the classification process is presented.     

Nitrate leaching from a free-draining volcanic soil irrigated with municipal sewage effluent in New Zealand

Land application of municipal sewage effluent is becoming increasingly popular worldwide as a means of disposal, treatment, nutrient recycling, irrigation to meet plants' water requirements, and groundwater recharge. Nitrate leaching from a volcanic soil (Typic Udivitrand) was investigated under a Pinus radiata plantation near Rotorua, New Zealand, which had received, on average, 0, 29, and 88 mm per week of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for the previous 4 years. Four replicates of undisturbed soil monolith lysimeters (200 mm diameter×200 mm depth) from surface soil from each treatment were used to study the influence of the three different rates of effluent application on N leaching. A rapid emergence of nitrate–N occurred in the drainage samples, and indicated that approximately up to half of soil nitrate was readily leached beyond the topsoil. Nitrate–N concentrations in the drainage water increased substantially with effluent application rate, almost reaching the World Health Organisation recommended limits (approximately 10 g m⁻³) in plots receiving effluent at the highest rate. Given that nitrate leaching from the soils may threaten the viability of the land treatment system, due to large N loads being observed in streams which drain irrigated catchments during winter periods, possible strategies for minimising nitrate leaching losses under effluent irrigation may need to be considered.