昆仑山区构造区划初探

青藏高原虽然经过了多次考察,已经基本摸清了高原的构造格架,然而高原西北部的昆仑山—喀喇昆仑山地区的构造区划仍很不明确。经过这次考察,获得了大量新资料;新发现了库地-苏巴什为一条独立的更早阶段的重要构造界线。考察发现麻札-康西瓦-木孜塔格构造带与东面的昆仑山口-玛沁构造带相联,是真正原第四缝合带所指。由以上这两条构造带把昆仑山分成了北带、中带与南带3部分,而南带从构造发育历史看它与可可西里-巴颜喀喇区相联,不属于真正的昆仑构造区。     

基于改进层次分析法的火灾高危单位消防安全评估

开展消防安全评估对提升火灾高危单位消防安全管理水平和维护公共安全具有重要意义。根据火灾高危单位的特点,给出了消防安全评估指标体系,包括建筑防火、消防设备设施和消防安全管理3项一级指标,建筑整体布局、安全疏散系统、消防给水系统、自动灭火系统、防排烟系统、电气防火系统、其他设备及器材、日常管理、应急制度及培训教育、电器燃气消防器材管理10项二级指标,建筑类别、安全出口、室外消防水、自动喷水灭火系统、风机、消防电源及其配电、防火门窗、消防安全管理制度、应急制度、电器管理等54项三级指标。在现场调研和理论分析的基础上,利用改进的层次分析法计算得到某火灾高危单位消防安全评估指标体系各指标的权重,建立了火灾高危单位消防安全评估模型,对其火灾危险性进行了评估。     

非超低与超低排放煤电机组启动过程NOx排放特征对比分析

通过采集671台次燃煤火电机组NO_x排放实时监控数据,对非超低排放与超低排放机组总体及相应各等级机组启动过程中NO_x排放特征进行了对比分析.结果表明,非超低排放机组启动阶段NO_x超标率为81.53%,平均超标小时数为2.64 h,平均最大排放小时均值为284.06 mg·m~(-3);超低排放机组启动阶段NO_x超标率为79.86%,平均超标小时数为2.52 h,平均最大排放小时均值为231.61 mg·m~(-3);非超低与超低排放机组总体及相应各等级机组间NO_x超标率和平均超标时长无统计学意义上的差异,但平均最大排放小时均值浓度存在显著差异;非超低排放机组中,除300 MW等级机组平均最大排放小时均值浓度显著低于200 MW等级机组外,其余对比组在超标率、超标小时数及平均最大排放小时均值浓度上均无显著差异;不同等级超低排放机组之间在超标率、超标小时数和最大排放小时均值浓度上都有统计学意义上差异的情况, 600 MW等级机组超标时长控制最优, 1 000 MW等级机组排放浓度控制较好.     

非稳态条件下人工湿地水流规律及其对水力停留时间的影响

由于降水的随机性,处理农业或城市径流的人工湿地通常在进水水量波动的非稳态条件下工作.为研究在非稳态条件下人工湿地的水流规律,在基于时间轴的多点示踪剂试验的基础上,利用RTD(水力停留时间分布)探讨了单峰和双峰两种水力冲击非稳态条件下水平潜流人工湿地中的水流规律.结果表明,非稳态过程的水量变化对不同时刻流入人工湿地的液体的RTD影响明显.用基于出水流量的非线性无量纲时间变量(φ)对原始RTD进行归一化处理,所得的RTD浓度曲线[C'(φ)]在整个非稳态过程中相对稳定,具有相似的倾斜度、峰值时间(单峰冲击下为0.83~1.00,双峰冲击下为0.87~1.08)、重心位置(单峰冲击下为1.08~1.25,双峰冲击下为1.05~1.25)及相关统计学参数,表现出一种独立于流量变化之外的相对稳定的特征水流规律.与稳态基流量下的t_mean(平均停留时间)相比,水力冲击使人工湿地t_mean呈冲击前持续缩短、冲击后又快速回升的趋势(单峰、双峰冲击下最大值与最小值相差分别约为30和32 h);而t_mean'(归一化平均停留时间)在非稳态过程中却相对稳定(单峰、双峰冲击下最大值与最小值相差分别约为0.15和0.20),适合作为非稳态下表征人工湿地水流规律和停留时间的特征参数.研究显示,归一化RTD易于模拟,可用其描述非稳态下人工湿地的水流规律以及水流规律对污染物接触反应时间的影响.      

江汉平原水稻季灌排单元沟渠中氮磷变化特征及其环境风险

江汉平原稻田多以灌排单元的形式存在,其中,沟渠是灌排单元的主要组成部分.本文以江汉平原腹地典型灌排单元内自然沟渠为研究对象,通过对2015年水稻整个生长季自然沟渠水深、水质的连续原位监测,研究灌排单元内自然沟渠水深、氮磷浓度的动态变化及导致这一变化的主要影响因子.结果表明,整个水稻生长季,沟渠水深维持在30~70 cm之间,灌溉事件增加的沟渠内水深高于降雨事件;水稻生长季,受水稻追肥的影响,沟渠水总氮(TN)浓度分别于6月18日和7月30日出现两个不同程度的峰值,且生育前期氨氮(NH_4~+-N)浓度高于硝氮(NO_3~--N),施肥是影响沟渠水中氮浓度的主要因子;整个水稻生长季沟渠水总磷(TP)浓度波动较大,主要受颗粒态磷(PP)浓度变化影响,外界扰动(如降雨、灌溉事件)是影响沟渠水TP浓度变化的主要因子.水稻生长后期即收获期,沟渠水中TN和TP浓度分别为0.22 mg·L~(-1)和0.06 mg·L~(-1),水质均达地表水水质Ⅱ类标准.灌排单元内,拦截沟渠与周边河道的路基高约2~2.5 m,无特大暴雨情况下,沟渠水很少漫过路基通过溢流向周边水体排水.水稻移栽直至第一次追肥后的3 d应控制沟渠水的外排.自然沟渠对降雨、灌溉和农田径流带入的氮磷起到一定程度的净化作用,通过在灌排单元出水口人为控制稻季沟渠水外排,直至水稻收获期,将使沟渠水水质达Ⅱ类标准,降低了灌排单元沟渠排水给周边水体带来的环境风险.     

广东省农村民居地震安全示范工程实施现状分析

结合广东各地农村经济发展状况和民居特点,简要阐述了全省地震安全农居示范工程实施基础,较系统地介绍了当前示范工程实施情况,对存在的不足和工作难点进行了比较深入的分析和科学总结,并提出行之有效的解决方案。     

危险度评价法与蒙德法在焦化装置中的对比应用研究

通过危险度评价法与蒙德法评分项目的比较分析,得出危险度评价法中的压力、温度和操作参数,反映在蒙德法中,表现为特殊工艺危险性的评分项,这表明利用简单、直观的危险度评价法,在一定程度上,可以表征复杂单元的危险性大小,且与蒙德法的评价相一致.以焦化装置为例子,首先只针对压力、温度和操作三个参数,运用两种评价法分别进行评价,得出的结论相一致,验证了上述结论；然后分别用两种方法对焦化装置进行评价,分析对比结果,危险度评价法在参数选取和运行中,更加简单直观,可以为蒙德法提供装置各单元危险性高低的依据并缩小评价的范围.蒙德法是危险度评价的拓展与延伸,它将危险度评价法得出的危险性高的单元,更深入的找出导致危险性高的原因与参数.     

Evaluation of the impact on entomocoenosis of active agents allowed in organic olive farming against Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin, 1790)

Several attempts for evaluating environmental impact of active agents allowed in organic olive farming against Bactrocera oleae have been made, but very few studies were performed contemporaneously on more than one of them. Insects were chosen as indicators because they are known to react very quickly to environmental perturbations, mainly at the community level. In fact, the coenosis is the functional unit interacting with biotic and abiotic environmental parameters. Seven taxa, known for their sensitivity to habitat alterations, were sampled and grouped in functional groups: predators and parasitoids, phytophagouses and pollinators. The coenotic balance between these two functional groups was analyzed. The study was carried out in an organic olive orchard in the municipality of Terranova da Sibari, Cosenza, Southern Italy. The tested active agents (Azadirachtin, Rotenone, Copper Oxychloride) were sprayed twice (end of September and middle October). During the treatments the population dynamics of all the taxa were knocked-down. No one tested compound seems to be harmless to the entomocoenosis, particularly on phytophagouses and pollinators. In truly organic farming it is necessary to provide natural refuge areas to beneficial insects (i.e. pest antagonists) in which no active agents are sprayed and alternative preys could be found.     

Syntrophic co-culture of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumonia for degradation of kraft lignin discharged from rayon grade pulp industry

In order to search the degradability of kraft lignin, the potential bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (GU193980) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (GU193981) were isolated, screened and applied in axenic and co-culture conditions. Results revealed that mixed culture showed better decolorization efficiency (80%) and reduction of pollution parameters (COD 73% and BOD 62%) than axenic culture. This indicated syntrophic growth of these two bacteria rather than any antagonistic effect. The HPLC analysis of degraded samples of kraft lignin has shown the reduction in peak area compared to control, suggesting that decrease in color intensity might be largely attributed to the degradation of lignin by isolated bacteria. Further, the GC–MS analysis showed that most of the compounds detected in control were diminished after bacterial treatment. Further, the seed germination test using Phaseolus aureus has supported the detoxification of bacterial decolorized kraft lignin for environmental safety. All these observations have revealed that the developed bacterial co-culture was capable for the effective degradation and decolorization of lignin containing rayon grade pulp mill wastewater for environmental safety.