构建湖北西部绿色生态经济圈

在分析构建湖北西部绿色生态经济圈意义的基础上，探索了着力构建湖北西部绿色生态经济圈的思路：通过整合十堰、宜昌、恩施、神农架以及襄樊西部的保康、南漳等地的生态经济资源，打造秦巴山区绿色屏障和两江（长江、汉江）两库（三峡水库、丹江水库）清水长廊，建设中国中部地区的绿色生态经济圈。     

生物接触氧化法处理水产品加工废水的设计及运行

采用生物接触氧化工艺处理水产品加工废水,设计能力400m3/d,废水进水水质CODCr为728~1176mg/L,运行稳定后,出水水质CODCr为92~140mg/L,CODCr去除率为85.2%~93.3%,出水水质稳定,达到(GB8978-1996)中的二级排放标准。运行1a来,剩余污泥产生量少,仅排除剩余污泥1次;废水处理成本为0.92元/m3。     

基于LCA的POPs控制技术系统评估方法研究

POPs控制的技术举措是各行业削减POPs排放的重要手段。为了在众多POPs控制技术中筛选出更可靠、更经济可行的技术,将POPs控制技术分为替代技术、入料控制技术、过程控制技术及末端处置技术四个大类,并结合综合指标法和生命周期法建立了POPs控制技术系统评估框架。同时,以山西某焦化厂出焦除尘布袋技术作为案例进行定量评估,系统地给出了布袋除尘器在经济运行、环境保护以及技术效果三方面的指标值。评价结果显示布袋除尘技术在技术稳定性、去除POPs污染物效果等技术指标上有较好的表现,并且不会产生额外的环境影响负荷。     

Effects of red light camera enforcement on fatal crashes in large U.S. cities

Objective

To estimate the effects of red light camera enforcement on per capita fatal crash rates at intersections with signal lights.

Methods

From the 99 large U.S. cities with more than 200,000 residents in 2008, 14 cities were identified with red light camera enforcement programs for all of 2004-2008 but not at any time during 1992-1996, and 48 cities were identified without camera programs during either period. Analyses compared the citywide per capita rate of fatal red light running crashes and the citywide per capita rate of all fatal crashes at signalized intersections during the two study periods, and rate changes then were compared for cities with and without cameras programs. Poisson regression was used to model crash rates as a function of red light camera enforcement, land area, and population density.

Results

The average annual rate of fatal red light running crashes declined for both study groups, but the decline was larger for cities with red light camera enforcement programs than for cities without camera programs (35% vs. 14%). The average annual rate of all fatal crashes at signalized intersections decreased by 14% for cities with camera programs and increased slightly (2%) for cities without cameras. After controlling for population density and land area, the rate of fatal red light running crashes during 2004-2008 for cities with camera programs was an estimated 24% lower than what would have been expected without cameras. The rate of all fatal crashes at signalized intersections during 2004-2008 for cities with camera programs was an estimated 17% lower than what would have been expected without cameras.

Conclusions

Red light camera enforcement programs were associated with a statistically significant reduction in the citywide rate of fatal red light running crashes and a smaller but still significant reduction in the rate of all fatal crashes at signalized intersections.

Impact on Industry

The study adds to the large body of evidence that red light camera enforcement can prevent the most serious crashes. Communities seeking to reduce crashes at intersections should consider this evidence.     

人工快速渗滤法处理小城镇污水的模拟试验研究

小城镇污水既是水资源的主要污染源,同时也是可利用水资源的重要组成部分,高效率、低成本的小城镇污水处理技术是农业生态安全和工程节水的急需。研究采用人工快速渗滤方法处理小城镇污水,在湿干比一定（湿干比1∶3）的条件下设3种填料比[V（土）∶V（砂）=1∶1、2∶1和3∶1）和3种不同水力负荷周期[短周期（0.5 d进水,1.5 d落干）、中周期（1 d进水,3 d落干）和长周期（3 d进水,9 d落干）]进行交叉试验。跟踪测定处理后水中COD、总磷、凯氏氮和铵氮的去除率。结果表明,系统的COD和总磷去除效果较好,最高去除率分别达到73.19%和54.86%。COD的去除受水力负荷周期影响较大,在长水力负荷周期条件下去除效率高,总磷的去除受水力负荷周期的影响小。系统对凯氏氮和铵氮的去除效率偏低,两者的最高去除率分别为46.67%和40.67%,均在长周期条件下取得。     

2000～2020年天津市机动车全过程VOCs排放特征及演变

机动车排放已成为城市地区人为源挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要来源,排放清单是量化其环境影响的重要手段.针对已有研究中存在的过程区分不清、排放因子测试不全和气象参数考虑不细等问题,基于文献调研与实验测试完善了排放因子库,在月尺度上提出了涵盖尾气排放和蒸发排放(包括运行损失、昼间排放、热浸排放和加油排放)的机动车全过程VOCs逐月排放清单构建方法,并应用此方法建立了2000～2020年天津市机动车全过程VOCs排放清单.研究期内,天津市机动车VOCs排放总量呈现出先缓慢上升后逐步下降的趋势,2020年排放总量为2.14万t,小型客车是对排放总量贡献最大的车型,贡献率达75.00%.排放标准升级对不同过程VOCs排放的影响存在差异.与尾气排放量的持续下降不同,蒸发排放量呈现出先升后降的倒U型走势,且对总排放量的贡献逐年上升,2020年时贡献率为31.69%.机动车排放的月度变化受活动水平与排放因子的双重影响.VOCs排放量呈现出秋冬季高和春夏季低的特点,2020年新冠疫情期间,封控措施限制了机动车活动水平,使得VOCs排放量显著低于往年同期.计算方法和数据结论可为大气污染防治工作提供技术参考...     

林区车辆行驶安全的影响因素及措施

本文分析了与林区车辆行驶安全密切相关的运行条件及使用性能因素，并据此提出了确保林区行驶安全的一系列措施。     

大连和青岛城市经营模式的对比和评价

城市经营为城市创造出独特的品牌资产。使城市拥有了一种垄断性资源。能够在竞争中获得优势。大连和青岛在经营城市中采取了截然不同的方式——大连市以环境提升竞争力．招商引资，发展外经外贸。实现经济腾飞；青岛市以工业立市，依托产品和企业扩大经济实力。推进城市建设。两个城市都取得了令人羡慕的成绩。本文在概括和总结这两种模式特征的基础上对其适用性问题进行了深入探讨。大连模式高瞻远瞩。适合于完全的市场经济体制和高度发达的城市地区。因而长远意义重大；青岛模式切合中国国情，适合于现阶段的一般城市。现实价值更高。城市经营的成败还在于人，在于主要领导者和关键部门。要提倡经营城市，学会经营城市，善于经营城市。     

Research on the hierarchical structure of the metropolitan system and economic development of the provincial capital urban circle in Shandong

Regional development is the trend for future urbanization, and the urban circle is a highly efficient economic spatial pattern of regional development. This study selects statistical data of urban area population, GDP, and the output value of tertiary industry for seven cities in China – Jinan, Zibo, Tai’an, Laiwu, Dezhou, Liaocheng, and Binzhou – in the Shandong provincial capital urban circle from 2005 to 2009. It uses the principles and Zipf model, rank-size rule, and Lotka logarithmic model to analyze and study the hierarchical structure of the metropolitan system and economic development of the Shandong provincial capital urban circle. Based on the above research, this paper provides references for decision-making on enhancement of the metropolitan system structure, improvement in core city primacy index, the optimal adjustment of industrial structure and the optimal allocation of essential resources.     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例分析

本文通过实例阐述了“混凝沉淀+两级A/O(缺氧/好氧)-MBR系统(膜生物反应器)+SWRO(海水淡化反渗透)”组合工艺在生活垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用。实际运行结果表明,当进水平均COD浓度为2668.7 mg/L、NH₃-N质量浓度为2910 mg/L时,出水平均COD浓度为7.6 mg/L、NH₃-N质量浓度为1.9 mg/L,水质可满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)要求,运行成本合计约为60元/m³.本工程实例将为我国生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理提供技术支持与经验参考。